Abstract
Considerable interest exists for use of plant growth regulators to control lodging in maize ( Zea mays L.), thereby reducing yield losses. Field experiments were established in New York during the 1985 and 1986 growing seasons on a Honeoye silt loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Giossoboric Hapludalt) to evaluate a lodging‐susceptible and lodging‐tolerant hybrid (‘Cornell 281’ and ‘Pioneer 3901’, respectively) under recommended (64 000 plants ha −1 ) and high plant densities (76 000 plants ha −1 ) in the absence and presence of ethephon [(2‐chloroethyi) phosphonic acid], which was applied at the 15th to 16th leaf stage at 0.42 kg ha −1 a.i. Measurements of dry phytomass and leaf area were taken at 10‐d intervals and leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), and crop growth rate (CGR) were calculated. In the dry 1985 season, ethephon had no effect on phytomass, NAR, and CGR, whereas in the wet 1986 season, ethephon reduced all three growth parameters. Plant density and hybrid did not influence the growth response to ethephon in this study. Although ethephon reduced lodging by 64%, it had no effect on grain yield. An interaction, however, was observed between ethephon and hybrids. Ethephon increased grain yield of Cornell 281 (7.78 to 8.24 Mg ha −1 ), and decreased grain yield of Pioneer 3901 (9.63 to 8.56 Mg ha −1 ). Ethephon also increased kernel weight of Cornell 281 (263 to 266 mg), and decreased kernel weight of Pioneer 3901 (282 to 264 mg), which probably caused the grain yield interaction. Ethephon, however, significantly decreased kernels per ear (494 to 474) in both hybrids. The data suggest that ethephon can enhance the yield of maize when lodging is a problem, but may decrease grain yield in the absence of lodging because of its potential deleterious effect on kernel number and growth.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not affect phytomass, NAR, or CGR in the dry 1985 season.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the dry 1985 season, ethephon had no effect on phytomass, NAR, and CGR”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced phytomass, NAR, and CGR in the wet 1986 season.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the wet 1986 season, ethephon reduced all three growth parameters”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density and hybrid did not influence growth response to ethephon.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant density and hybrid did not influence the growth response to ethephon”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced lodging by 64%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon reduced lodging by 64%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon had no overall effect on grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it had no effect on grain yield”
t0“Maize”
t1“Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Maize as Influenced by Ethephon”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased Cornell 281 grain yield from 7.78 to 8.24 Mg ha −1.
- Material
- Cornell 281e0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.78 to 8.24 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon increased grain yield of Cornell 281 (7.78 to 8.24 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon decreased Pioneer 3901 grain yield from 9.63 to 8.56 Mg ha −1.
- Material
- Pioneer 3901e0
- Treatment
- ethephont1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 9.63 to 8.56 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased grain yield of Pioneer 3901 (9.63 to 8.56 Mg ha −1 )”
t0“Maize”
t1“Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Maize as Influenced by Ethephon”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased Cornell 281 kernel weight from 263 to 266 mg.
- Material
- Cornell 281e0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 263 to 266 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon also increased kernel weight of Cornell 281 (263 to 266 mg)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon decreased Pioneer 3901 kernel weight from 282 to 264 mg.
- Material
- Pioneer 3901e0
- Treatment
- ethephont1
- Outcome
- kernel weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 282 to 264 mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased kernel weight of Pioneer 3901 (282 to 264 mg)”
t0“Maize”
t1“Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Maize as Influenced by Ethephon”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon significantly decreased kernels per ear in both hybrids from 494 to 474.
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- kernels per eare0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 494 to 474e0
- Qualifier
- both hybridse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon, however, significantly decreased kernels per ear (494 to 474) in both hybrids”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ethephon may enhance maize yield where lodging is a problem.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon can enhance the yield of maize when lodging is a problem”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ethephon may decrease grain yield without lodging.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may decrease grain yield in the absence of lodging because of its potential deleterious effect on kernel number and growth”
t0“Maize”
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