Abstract
Abstract Effects of tillage on the appropriate fertilizer N applications needed to achieve maximal grain yield are poorly denned. The study objective was determination of relative corn grain yield response to N application rate for four tillage practices: no‐tillage (NT), ridge tillage (RT), fall chisel plowing (CP) and fall moldboard plowing (MP). Maize ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and N accumulation were monitored over a 6 year period with the same tillage treatment and the same fertilizer N rate applied each year to each plot. Two hybrids, differing in relative maturity rating, were planted each year. Fertilizer N rates ranged from 10 to 190 kg ha −1 and consisted of 10 kg ha −1 of liquid starter N applied at planting with varying amounts of fall applied anhydrous ammonia. With only starter fertilizer, grain yields increased with tillage intensity in the order NT ≤ RT ≤ CP ≤ MP. With ≥ 55 kg total applied Nha −1 , 6 year average grain yields were unaffected by tillage. Total N removed in grain annually with only starter fertilizer ranged from 25–85 kg ha −1 Maximal amounts of N removed, about 145 kg N ha −1 , occurred with 100–145 kg applied N ha −1 for all tillage treatments under the more favorable climatic conditions. Several interactions affecting grain yield appear climatically sensitive with exception of tillage by fertilizer N interactions. Because of variability in climate, planting dates varied by almost 4 weeks. Relative yield loss due to planting delay were Fertilizer N (mean change ≅−124 –−275 kg ha −1 day −1 ) > Starter N only and MP (mean ≅− 259 kg ha −1 day −1 ) > other tillages in general. Yield loss due to delayed planting ranged from 0.0–275 kg ha −1 day −1 . Grain yield gains due to early spring soil temperatures were 16.0–21.8 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1 with MP tillage and averaged 2.7– 16.7 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1 more than those of other tillage‐hybrid combinations.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
With only starter fertilizer, maize grain yield increased with tillage intensity from NT through MP.
- Treatment
- tillage intensitye0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only starter fertilizere0
- Comparator
- NT ≤ RT ≤ CP ≤ MPe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With only starter fertilizer, grain yields increased with tillage intensity in the order NT ≤ RT ≤ CP ≤ MP”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
With at least 55 kg total applied Nha −1, six-year average grain yields were unaffected by tillage.
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- 6 year average grain yieldse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- ≥ 55 kg total applied Nha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With ≥ 55 kg total applied Nha −1 , 6 year average grain yields were unaffected by tillage”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual grain nitrogen removal with starter fertilizer ranged from 25–85 kg ha −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total N removed in grain annually with only starter fertilizer ranged from 25–85 kg ha −1”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain nitrogen removal was about 145 kg N ha −1 with 100–145 kg applied N ha −1 in favorable conditions.
- Treatment
- 100–145 kg applied N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- N removede0
- Direction
- Maximale0
- Value
- about 145 kg N ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- more favorable climatic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximal amounts of N removed, about 145 kg N ha −1 , occurred with 100–145 kg applied N ha −1 for all tillage treatments under the more favorable climatic conditions”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Several grain-yield interactions appeared sensitive to climate except tillage by fertilizer nitrogen interactions.
- Treatment
- tillage by fertilizer N interactionse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- climatically sensitivee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several interactions affecting grain yield appear climatically sensitive with exception of tillage by fertilizer N interactions”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen was associated with greater relative yield loss from planting delay than starter nitrogen only.
- Treatment
- Fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- Relative yield loss due to planting delaye0
- Direction
- >e0
- Value
- ≅−124 –−275 kg ha −1 day −1e0
- Comparator
- Starter N onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative yield loss due to planting delay were Fertilizer N (mean change ≅−124 –−275 kg ha −1 day −1 ) > Starter N only”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MP tillage was associated with greater relative yield loss from planting delay than other tillages.
- Treatment
- MPe0
- Outcome
- Relative yield loss due to planting delaye0
- Direction
- >e0
- Value
- ≅− 259 kg ha −1 day −1e0
- Comparator
- other tillagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative yield loss due to planting delay were Fertilizer N (mean change ≅−124 –−275 kg ha −1 day −1 ) > Starter N only and MP (mean ≅− 259 kg ha −1 day −1 ) > other tillages in general”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield loss from delayed planting ranged from 0.0–275 kg ha −1 day −1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield loss due to delayed planting ranged from 0.0–275 kg ha −1 day −1”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early spring soil temperatures gave MP tillage grain yield gains of 16.0–21.8 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1.
- Treatment
- MP tillagee0
- Outcome
- Grain yield gainse0
- Direction
- gainse0
- Value
- 16.0–21.8 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1e0
- Setting
- early spring soil temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield gains due to early spring soil temperatures were 16.0–21.8 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1 with MP tillage”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
MP tillage gains averaged 2.7– 16.7 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1 more than other tillage-hybrid combinations.
- Outcome
- Grain yield gainse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.7– 16.7 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1e0
- Comparator
- other tillage‐hybrid combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield gains due to early spring soil temperatures were 16.0–21.8 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1 with MP tillage and averaged 2.7– 16.7 kg ha −1 index‐degree −1 more than those of other tillage‐hybrid combinations”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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