Abstract
Japanese varieties of Iris ensata Thunb. were imported to Russia for more than 100 years ago by several scientists (E. Regel, N.I. Vavilov, V.M. Nosilov, V.T. Palvelyev), and in the 1980s these varieties were tested in the Central Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and in most cases, they failed (Rodionenko, 2002; Mironova, 2008). The first varieties were developed by G.I. Rodionenko. Japanese varieties were successfully introduced under forest-steppe conditions of the Altai Krai at the Lisavenko RI of Horticulture for Siberia (RIHS), and then breeding was conducted with the participation of retro varieties developed in 1980–1982. The crossing of geographically distant varieties, first, French, and Japanese, and then, Altai, Far Eastern, Leningrad, and American, brought about 150 adapted ornamental genotypes and 15 I. ensata varieties. In the progeny of varieties with simple flowers, genotypes with double and half-double flowers were selected, and in the progeny of the last ones, a fertile genotype with 12 perianth segments. The pollen quality of the selected I. ensata genotypes was nearly as good as in the Altai species I. ruthenica and I. glaucenscens: pollen fertility was 78%, and viability, 53%. The fruit formation of cultivars with simple flowers was 54%, with double, 9%, and with forced crossing 93 and 73%, respectively. The fruit contained 5-116 seeds; their weight was 6–9 g; and germinative capacity 1–57%. Seedlings of 3–20% of plants from a group came to flowering in 3–5 years. Eight donors with high productivity, new colour, and flower shape were selected. During breeding, flower diameter increased from 12 to 20 cm; the width of the upper perianth segments, from 2 to 8 cm; and the width of the lower perianth segments, from 7 to 9 cm. The range of flower coloring extended to 11 groups.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Crosses of geographically distant varieties produced 150 adapted ornamental genotypes.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.
_(49869833552).jpg?width=60)
Iris ensatat0 - Outcome
- adapted ornamental genotypese0
- Value
- 150e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(49869833552).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The crossing of geographically distant varieties, first, French, and Japanese, and then, Altai, Far Eastern, Leningrad, and American, brought about 150 adapted ornamental genotypes and 15 I. ensata varieties.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crosses of geographically distant varieties produced 15 I. ensata varieties.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- I. ensata varietiese0
- Value
- 15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crossing of geographically distant varieties, first, French, and Japanese, and then, Altai, Far Eastern, Leningrad, and American, brought about 150 adapted ornamental genotypes and 15 I. ensata varieties.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Progeny of simple-flowered varieties yielded selected double- and half-double-flowered genotypes.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Material
- varieties with simple flowerse0
- Outcome
- genotypes with double and half-double flowerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the progeny of varieties with simple flowers, genotypes with double and half-double flowers were selected, and in the progeny of the last ones, a fertile genotype with 12 perianth segments.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Progeny of double- and half-double forms yielded a fertile genotype with 12 perianth segments.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- a fertile genotype with 12 perianth segmentse0
- Value
- 12 perianth segmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the progeny of varieties with simple flowers, genotypes with double and half-double flowers were selected, and in the progeny of the last ones, a fertile genotype with 12 perianth segments.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen fertility of selected genotypes was 78%, nearly as good as Altai species.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- pollen fertilitye0
- Value
- 78%e0
- Comparator
- I. ruthenica and I. glaucenscense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pollen quality of the selected I. ensata genotypes was nearly as good as in the Altai species I. ruthenica and I. glaucenscens: pollen fertility was 78%, and viability, 53%.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen viability of selected genotypes was 53%.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- viabilitye0
- Value
- 53%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pollen quality of the selected I. ensata genotypes was nearly as good as in the Altai species I. ruthenica and I. glaucenscens: pollen fertility was 78%, and viability, 53%.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simple-flowered cultivars had 54% fruit formation.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Material
- cultivars with simple flowerse0
- Outcome
- fruit formatione0
- Value
- 54%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit formation of cultivars with simple flowers was 54%, with double, 9%, and with forced crossing 93 and 73%, respectively.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double-flowered cultivars had 9% fruit formation.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Material
- doublee0
- Outcome
- fruit formatione0
- Value
- 9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit formation of cultivars with simple flowers was 54%, with double, 9%, and with forced crossing 93 and 73%, respectively.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Forced crossing yielded fruit formation of 93 and 73%, respectively.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Treatment
- forced crossinge0
- Outcome
- fruit formatione0
- Value
- 93 and 73%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit formation of cultivars with simple flowers was 54%, with double, 9%, and with forced crossing 93 and 73%, respectively.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit seeds was 5-116 seeds.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Value
- 5-116 seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit contained 5-116 seeds; their weight was 6–9 g; and germinative capacity 1–57%.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit weight was 6–9 g.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Value
- 6–9 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit contained 5-116 seeds; their weight was 6–9 g; and germinative capacity 1–57%.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit germinative capacity was 1–57%.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- germinative capacitye0
- Value
- 1–57%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit contained 5-116 seeds; their weight was 6–9 g; and germinative capacity 1–57%.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
3–20% of seedlings flowered in 3–5 years.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- came to floweringe0
- Value
- 3–20%e0
- Qualifier
- 3–5 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings of 3–20% of plants from a group came to flowering in 3–5 years.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight donors with high productivity, new colour and flower shape were selected.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- donors with high productivity, new colour, and flower shapee0
- Value
- Eighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight donors with high productivity, new colour, and flower shape were selected.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
flower diameter increased from 12 to 20 cm during breeding.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- flower diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12 to 20 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During breeding, flower diameter increased from 12 to 20 cm; the width of the upper perianth segments, from 2 to 8 cm; and the width of the lower perianth segments, from 7 to 9 cm.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
width of the upper perianth segments increased from 2 to 8 cm during breeding.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- width of the upper perianth segmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2 to 8 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During breeding, flower diameter increased from 12 to 20 cm; the width of the upper perianth segments, from 2 to 8 cm; and the width of the lower perianth segments, from 7 to 9 cm.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
width of the lower perianth segments increased from 7 to 9 cm during breeding.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- width of the lower perianth segmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7 to 9 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During breeding, flower diameter increased from 12 to 20 cm; the width of the upper perianth segments, from 2 to 8 cm; and the width of the lower perianth segments, from 7 to 9 cm.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”
Claim · model-written summary
The range of flower coloring extended to 11 groups.
- Taxon
- Iris ensata Thunb.Iris ensatat0
- Outcome
- range of flower coloringe0
- Direction
- extendede0
- Value
- 11 groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The range of flower coloring extended to 11 groups.”
t0“Iris ensata Thunb.”