Abstract
Abstract The diamond‐back moth, Plutella xylostella , is a serious pest of kale crops. It has aquired a considerable degree of resistance to a number of synthetic insecticides on a world‐wide scale. Consequently, it is quite difficult to control it effectively. Field trials were conducted in Togo to investigate the efficiency of crude methanolic extracts and aqueous suspensions of seed kernels and leaves of the neem tree on cabbage. It was found after 6 applications at weekly intervals that crude methanolic neem seed kernel extracts were very successful in reducing the percentage of infestation by larvae of P. xylostella and damaged heads, hence an increase of the average yield of undamaged cabbage heads by approximately 6 to 8 t/ha was obtained, compared to that of untreated plots. The effect of crude methanolic extracts of neem seed kernels at 2% and 4% concentrations proved to be even slightly better than that of standard insecticides, i.e. mevinphos (PD 5) and deltamethrin (Decis), comparing yields of undamaged cabbage heads. The application of aqueous suspension of dried crushed neem leaves by means of a watering can was not effective as it led to a result which was equal to that of control plots. Zusammenfassung Ergebnisse von Freilanduntersuchungen zur Bekämpfung von Kohlschaben, Plutella xylostella L., in Togo mittels wäßriger Lösung und methanolischer Rohextrakte aus Blättern und Samen des Neembaumes, Azadirachta indica A. Juss Die Kohlschabe (Kohl‐, Schleiermotte), Plutella xylostella L. (Lep., Plutellidae), verursacht schwere Schäden an Kohlarten. Dieser Schädling hat sich weltweit gegenüber zahlreichen synthetischen Insektiziden als beträchtlich resistent erwiesen. Demzufolge ist dieser Schädling schwer bekämpfbar. Daher wurden 1979 und 1981 Freilanduntersuchungen in Togo durchgeführt, um die Wirkung wäßriger Lösung und roher Methanol‐Extrakte von Neemblättern und Samen gegen P. xylostella an Weißkohl zu untersuchen. Nach sechs Spritzungen im wöchentlichen Abstand zeigte sich, daß die Behandlung mit rohen Methanol‐Extrakten aus Neemsamen sehr erfolgreich war hinsichtlich prozentualer Reduzierung des Befalls von P. xylostella bzw. geschädigter Kohlköpfe, folglich eine Ertragssteigerung über 6‐8 t/ha im Vergleich mit den unbehandelten. Die Wirkung von Methanol‐Extrakten aus Neemsamen in 2%‐ und 4%igen Konzentrationen waren, in Hinblick auf den Ertrag ungeschädigter Kohlköpfe, geringfügig besser als die von konventionellen Insektiziden bzw. Mevinphos (PD 5) und Deltamethrin (Decis). Die Behandlung mit wäßriger Lösung von Blatt‐ und Samenpulver des Neembaumes, unter Verwendung einer Gießkanne, erwies sich dagegen als unwirksam, da diese ungefähr zum gleichen Ergebnis wie bei den unbehandelten Versuchen führte.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Crude methanolic neem seed kernel extracts reduced the infestation by P. xylostella larvae and damaged cabbage heads relative to untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- crude methanolic neem seed kernel extractse1
- Interactor
- P. xylostellae1pest
- Outcome
- percentage of infestation by larvae of P. xylostella and damaged headse1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- untreated plotse2
- Setting
- Togoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in Togo to investigate the efficiency of crude methanolic extracts and aqueous suspensions of seed kernels and leaves of the neem tree on cabbage”
e1“crude methanolic neem seed kernel extracts were very successful in reducing the percentage of infestation by larvae of P. xylostella and damaged heads”
e2“compared to that of untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude methanolic neem seed kernel extracts increased the average yield of undamaged cabbage heads by approximately 6 to 8 t/ha relative to untreated plots.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- crude methanolic neem seed kernel extractse1
- Outcome
- average yield of undamaged cabbage headse2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- approximately 6 to 8 t/hae2
- Comparator
- untreated plotse2
- Setting
- Togoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in Togo to investigate the efficiency of crude methanolic extracts and aqueous suspensions of seed kernels and leaves of the neem tree on cabbage”
e1“crude methanolic neem seed kernel extracts were very successful in reducing the percentage of infestation by larvae of P. xylostella and damaged heads”
e2“an increase of the average yield of undamaged cabbage heads by approximately 6 to 8 t/ha was obtained, compared to that of untreated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude methanolic extracts of neem seed kernels at 2% and 4% were slightly better than standard insecticides in yield of undamaged cabbage heads.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- crude methanolic extracts of neem seed kernels at 2% and 4% concentrationse3
- Outcome
- yields of undamaged cabbage headse3
- Direction
- slightly bettere3
- Comparator
- standard insecticidese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in Togo to investigate the efficiency of crude methanolic extracts and aqueous suspensions of seed kernels and leaves of the neem tree on cabbage”
e3“The effect of crude methanolic extracts of neem seed kernels at 2% and 4% concentrations proved to be even slightly better than that of standard insecticides, i.e. mevinphos (PD 5) and deltamethrin (Decis), comparing yields of undamaged cabbage heads”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous suspension of dried crushed neem leaves gave a result equal to that of control plots, i.e. was not effective against P. xylostella.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- aqueous suspension of dried crushed neem leavese4
- Outcome
- resulte4
- Direction
- equal toe4
- Comparator
- control plotse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in Togo to investigate the efficiency of crude methanolic extracts and aqueous suspensions of seed kernels and leaves of the neem tree on cabbage”
e4“The application of aqueous suspension of dried crushed neem leaves by means of a watering can was not effective as it led to a result which was equal to that of control plots”
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