Abstract
When angiosperm cells are cultured in a liquid medium they may grow in the form of free, single cells and form small to large groups of cells. This has been shown in earlier papers. This paper deals with the growth of strains of cells ( Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used), washed and filtered free from the larger groups, on nutrient agar media in Petri dishes, thus simulating familiar microbiological technique. Each discrete member of a suspension is referred to as a “unit.” On the order of 1–10% of the separate units of a suspension may be induced to grow into viable colonies, depending on the strain and the conditions employed. Whereas at least 30% of the free single carrot cells were shown to be capable of division, only up to about 4% continued their growth to form macroscopically visible colonies when they were widely dispersed. Coconut milk promotes the growth of carrot cells into colonies. Both coconut milk and napthaleneacetic acid, which interact synergistically, arc required for the growth of Haplopappus cells. Various techniques which affect viability (the frequency with which units grow into colonies) were investigated. The viability of carrot units was found (1) to increase with their density on the plates; (2) to decrease upon washing the suspensions prior to plating; (3) to increase with increasing initial size; and (4) to decrease to a vanishingly low value in rigorously filtered suspensions which consist principally of single cells, although the single cells were found to grow with appreciable frequency when the larger units were also present; and (5) to increase dramatically (100‐fold) when a rigorously filtered suspension was plated on a medium upon which pieces of growing cultured tissue were placed. Thus, the induction of growth in free cells is enhanced, even in an environment nutritionally optimal for the growth of the larger cell masses, by as yet unknown factors which are contributed by the cells themselves, or by adjacent cells or groups of cells. It is suggested that within a group of cells growing in culture, and perhaps also in the organized growing regions of intact plants, the dividing cells are nourished or stimulated by adjacent but less frequently dividing cells. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At least 30% of free single carrot cells were capable of division.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotae1 - Outcome
- capable of divisione1
- Value
- at least 30%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used”
e1“Whereas at least 30% of the free single carrot cells were shown to be capable of division”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to about 4% of widely dispersed carrot cells continued growth to form visible colonies.
- Taxon
- Daucus carotaDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- continued their growth to form macroscopically visible coloniese2
- Value
- up to about 4%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used”
e2“only up to about 4% continued their growth to form macroscopically visible colonies when they were widely dispersed”
Claim · model-written summary
On the order of 1–10% of carrot units may be induced to grow into viable colonies, depending on strain and conditions.
- Taxon
- Daucus carotaDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- viable coloniese3
- Value
- 1–10%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used”
e3“On the order of 1–10% of the separate units of a suspension may be induced to grow into viable colonies”
Claim · model-written summary
Coconut milk promotes the growth of carrot cells into colonies.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae4
- Treatment
- Coconut milke4
- Outcome
- growth of carrot cells into coloniese4
- Direction
- promotese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Coconut milk promotes the growth of carrot cells into colonies”
Claim · model-written summary
Coconut milk and naphthaleneacetic acid together are required for growth of Haplopappus cells into colonies.
- Taxon
- Haplopappus
Haplopappuse0 - Treatment
- coconut milk and napthaleneacetic acide5
- Outcome
- growth of Haplopappus cellse5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used”
e5“Both coconut milk and napthaleneacetic acid, which interact synergistically, arc required for the growth of Haplopappus cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Viability of carrot units increased with their density on the plates.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae6
- Treatment
- their density on the platese7
- Outcome
- viabilitye6
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The viability of carrot units was found”
e7“(1) to increase with their density on the plates”
Claim · model-written summary
Viability of carrot units decreased upon washing the suspensions prior to plating.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae6
- Treatment
- washing the suspensions prior to platinge7
- Outcome
- viabilitye6
- Direction
- decreasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The viability of carrot units was found”
e7“(2) to decrease upon washing the suspensions prior to plating”
Claim · model-written summary
Viability of carrot units increased with increasing initial size.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae6
- Treatment
- initial sizee7
- Outcome
- viabilitye6
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The viability of carrot units was found”
e7“(3) to increase with increasing initial size”
Claim · model-written summary
Viability of carrot units decreased to a vanishingly low value in rigorously filtered suspensions.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae6
- Treatment
- rigorously filtered suspensionse7
- Outcome
- viabilitye6
- Direction
- decreasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The viability of carrot units was found”
e7“(4) to decrease to a vanishingly low value in rigorously filtered suspensions”
Claim · model-written summary
Viability of carrot units increased dramatically when a filtered suspension was plated on a medium with growing cultured tissue.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotae6
- Treatment
- a medium upon which pieces of growing cultured tissue were placede7
- Outcome
- viabilitye6
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The viability of carrot units was found”
e7“(5) to increase dramatically (100‐fold) when a rigorously filtered suspension was plated on a medium upon which pieces of growing cultured tissue were placed”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of free cells is enhanced by as yet unknown factors contributed by the cells themselves or by adjacent cells.
- Taxon
- Daucus carotaDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- induction of growth in free cellse1
- Qualifier
- by as yet unknown factors which are contributed by the cells themselvese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used”
e1“Thus, the induction of growth in free cells is enhanced, even in an environment nutritionally optimal for the growth of the larger cell masses, by as yet unknown factors which are contributed by the cells themselves, or by adjacent cells or groups of cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Dividing cells are suggested to be nourished or stimulated by adjacent, less frequently dividing cells.
- Taxon
- Daucus carotaDaucus carotae0
- Outcome
- dividing cellse1
- Qualifier
- nourished or stimulated by adjacent but less frequently dividing cellse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daucus carota and Haplopappus gracilis cells were used”
e1“It is suggested that within a group of cells growing in culture, and perhaps also in the organized growing regions of intact plants, the dividing cells are nourished or stimulated by adjacent but less frequently dividing cells”
The same questions in other papers
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16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.