Abstract
Combining the benefits of legume N 2 fixation and N fertilization may increase the productivity and profitability of pasture systems. Our objectives were to study the effects of N fertilization on productivity and persistence of legumes in mixtures with cool‐season grasses under rotational stocking with short grazing periods. Twelve N fertilization regimes ranging from 0 to 336 kg of N per ha were applied annually to smooth bromegrass and reed canarygrass in monoculture and mixture with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and kura clover. Alfalfa was the dominant legume in mixtures with cool season grasses in 1999. As kura clover developed, it became the dominant legume species and by the trials end stands averaged over 70% in mixtures with both smooth bromegrass and reed canarygrass and across N treatments. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect alfalfa stands, but reduced kura clover stands by 17%. Smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures with no N fertilization produced more forage (10.5 Mg DM/ha) than any smooth bromegrass monoculture with N treatment (336 kg of N per ha produced 8.0 Mg DM/ha). Cost of forage mass in smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures was less than 50% of smooth brome monocultures. While N fertilization did not increase forage production in treatments with legumes, legumes were able to maintain vigorous stands with up to 336 kg of N per ha.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa was the dominant legume in grass mixtures in 1999.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Outcome
- dominant legumee0
- Qualifier
- in 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa was the dominant legume in mixtures with cool season grasses in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Kura clover became dominant and averaged over 70% of stands by trial end.
Verbatim
e0“As kura clover developed, it became the dominant legume species and by the trials end stands averaged over 70% in mixtures with both smooth bromegrass and reed canarygrass and across N treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization did not affect alfalfa stands.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- alfalfa standse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization did not affect alfalfa stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization reduced kura clover stands by 17%.
- Taxon
- kura clovere0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- kura clover standse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization did not affect alfalfa stands, but reduced kura clover stands by 17%”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized smooth bromegrass-legume mixtures yielded 10.5 Mg DM/ha, more than fertilized smooth bromegrass monocultures.
- Taxon
- smooth bromegrass
Bromus inermise0 - Treatment
- no N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- foragee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 10.5 Mg DM/hae0
- Qualifier
- 8.0 Mg DM/hae0
- Comparator
- smooth bromegrass monoculture with N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures with no N fertilization produced more forage (10.5 Mg DM/ha) than any smooth bromegrass monoculture with N treatment (336 kg of N per ha produced 8.0 Mg DM/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage mass cost in smooth bromegrass-legume mixtures was below half that of smooth brome monocultures.
- Taxon
- smooth bromegrassBromus inermise0
- Outcome
- Cost of forage masse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- smooth brome monoculturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cost of forage mass in smooth bromegrass‐legume mixtures was less than 50% of smooth brome monocultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization did not increase forage production with legumes.
- Taxon
- alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and kura clovere1
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- forage productione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“N fertilization did not increase forage production in treatments with legumes”
e1“mixture with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and kura clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Legumes maintained vigorous stands with up to 336 kg of N per ha.
Verbatim
e0“legumes were able to maintain vigorous stands with up to 336 kg of N per ha”
e1“mixture with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and kura clover”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Bromus inermis (smooth brome grass)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →fertilization · organism · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.