Abstract
Abstract Bromegrass ( Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa ( Medicago media Pers.) herbage production in western Canada can be increased by the application of N and P fertilizers on soils deficient in these elements. This study was conducted to determine optimum pasture production, changes in botanical composition of the sward, and changes in nutrient concentration of Melfort silty clay soil (Typic cryoborolls) from the application of N‐P fertilizers on a 4‐year‐old stand of bromegrass and alfalfa under two pasture management systems. N fertilizer was applied at 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N/ha each year from 1970 to 1973 in combination with P fertilizer applied to one‐half of each plot at 0 and 20 kg P/ha from 1971 to 1973. Total yield of bromegrass and alfalfa herbage expressed as a percentage of a control was significantly related to the application of N and P fertilizers and available soil P by regression analyses (R 2 = 60.4%). Yields were as high as 251% of controls and ranged from 1,919 to 10,518 kg dry matter per ha. Higher herbage yields were obtained on pastures in which supplementary barlay ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was fed to growing animals than on pastures with a “Put and Take” stocking system. The percentage of alfalfa in the sward was significantly reduced as much as 29.4% by N‐P fertilizers. A higher proportion of alfalfa in the sward was measured under the “Put and Take” treatment (36.9%) than the supplementary barley system (23.5%). Percentage alfalfa in the sward ranged from 13.8 to 54.8% (1972 to 1973, ranges C and A). Nitrogen applied at 180 kg N/ha each year to pasture increased nitrate‐N in the soil profile to 31.5 µ g N/g of soil at the 30 to 60‐cm depth. As a result of residual N and P fertilizer, increased herbage yields were obtained 3 years after fertilizer was applied. After this 3‐year period, nitrate‐N was low, 1.8 µ g N/g soil or less, in the soil profile at all depths. Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha produced an average increase in herbage yield of 74% or a total yield of 6,129 kg/ha. These rates gave the most economical return on fertilizer invested and did not increase nitrate‐N in the soil profile significantly.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Herbage yield was significantly related to N and P fertilizers and available soil P, with R² of 60.4%.
- Taxon
- bromegrass and alfalfae0
- Treatment
- application of N and P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Total yield of bromegrass and alfalfa herbagee0
- Value
- R 2 = 60.4%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Total yield of bromegrass and alfalfa herbage expressed as a percentage of a control was significantly related to the application of N and P fertilizers and available soil P by regression analyses (R 2 = 60.4%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbage yields reached 251% of controls.
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“Yields were as high as 251% of controls”
e1“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbage yields ranged from 1,919 to 10,518 kg dry matter per ha.
Verbatim
e0“ranged from 1,919 to 10,518 kg dry matter per ha”
e1“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary barley feeding gave higher herbage yields than Put and Take stocking.
Verbatim
e0“Higher herbage yields were obtained on pastures in which supplementary barlay ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was fed to growing animals than on pastures with a “Put and Take” stocking system.”
e1“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
N-P fertilizers significantly reduced alfalfa percentage by up to 29.4%.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- N‐P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- percentage of alfalfa in the swarde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of alfalfa in the sward was significantly reduced as much as 29.4% by N‐P fertilizers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Put and Take management yielded 36.9% alfalfa in sward, above supplementary barley.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- “Put and Take” treatmente0
- Outcome
- proportion of alfalfa in the swarde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36.9%e0
- Qualifier
- 23.5%e0
- Comparator
- supplementary barley systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A higher proportion of alfalfa in the sward was measured under the “Put and Take” treatment (36.9%) than the supplementary barley system (23.5%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa percentage in sward ranged from 13.8 to 54.8%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- Percentage alfalfa in the swarde0
- Value
- 13.8 to 54.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 1972 to 1973e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage alfalfa in the sward ranged from 13.8 to 54.8% (1972 to 1973, ranges C and A).”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual 180 kg N/ha increased soil profile nitrate N to 31.5 µ g N/g at 30 to 60 cm.
- Taxon
- bromegrass and alfalfae1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied at 180 kg N/ha each yeare0
- Outcome
- nitrate‐N in the soil profilee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.5 µ g N/g of soile0
- Qualifier
- 30 to 60‐cm depthe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen applied at 180 kg N/ha each year to pasture increased nitrate‐N in the soil profile to 31.5 µ g N/g of soil at the 30 to 60‐cm depth.”
e1“stand of bromegrass and alfalfa under two pasture management systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual N and P fertilizer increased herbage yield three years after application.
- Taxon
- bromegrass and alfalfae1
- Treatment
- residual N and P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- herbage yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3 years after fertilizer was appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“As a result of residual N and P fertilizer, increased herbage yields were obtained 3 years after fertilizer was applied.”
e1“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
After three years, soil nitrate N was at most 1.8 µ g N/g soil at all depths.
Verbatim
e0“After this 3‐year period, nitrate‐N was low, 1.8 µ g N/g soil or less, in the soil profile at all depths.”
e1“stand of bromegrass and alfalfa under two pasture management systems”
Claim · model-written summary
N at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha increased herbage yield 74%.
- Taxon
- bromegrass and alfalfae1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- herbage yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha produced an average increase in herbage yield of 74% or a total yield of 6,129 kg/ha.”
e1“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
N at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha yielded 6,129 kg/ha total herbage.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha produced an average increase in herbage yield of 74% or a total yield of 6,129 kg/ha.”
e1“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
These fertilizer rates gave the most economical return.
Verbatim
e0“These rates gave the most economical return on fertilizer invested”
e1“Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha”
e2“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
Claim · model-written summary
These fertilizer rates did not significantly increase soil nitrate N.
- Taxon
- bromegrass and alfalfae2
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/hae1
- Outcome
- nitrate‐N in the soil profilee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These rates gave the most economical return on fertilizer invested and did not increase nitrate‐N in the soil profile significantly.”
e1“Nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha and P at 20 kg P/ha”
e2“bromegrass and alfalfa herbage”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · organism · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.