Abstract
On-farm experiments were conducted in farmers’ fields at 12 different sites in the 2 districts of Moshi and Rombo in northern Tanzania during the 2000–01 cropping season to study the effects of (brady)rhizobial inoculation in combination with P supply on growth and grain yields of soybean and common bean, and to assess the economic returns of these different technologies to farmers. A low level of N was included as an indicator of endogenous soil N status. The treatments included (brady)rhizobial inoculation, N fertilisation (30 kg N/ha as urea), P application [26 kg P/ha as triple super phosphate (TSP)], (brady)rhizobial inoculation + P fertilisation (26 kg/ha as TSP) and unfertilised uninoculated control. The study was conducted as a randomised complete block design with each of the 12 farmers’ fields as a replicate. At harvest, plant growth of soybean and common bean was significantly (P=0.05) greater with (brady)rhizobial inoculation compared with N and P supply or uninoculated control in the 2 districts. Relative to uninoculated unfertilised plots, grain yields of common bean were markedly (P=0.05) increased by 60–78% from inoculation alone, and 82–95% from inoculation + 26 kg P/ha; with soybean there was 127–139% increase in grain yield from inoculation alone, and 207–231% from inoculation + P. Thus, the combined application of bacterial inoculants and P fertiliser to field plants of soybean and common bean significantly (P=0.05) increased biomass production and grain yield compared with the single use of N and P or (brady)rhizobial strains. From economic analysis, the increase in grain yield with inoculation translated into a significantly (P=0.05) higher marginal rate of return and dollar profit for soybean and common bean farmers in northern Tanzania. With common bean, there was a 66 and 92% increase, respectively, in dollar profit with inoculation at Moshi and Rombo districts respectively relative to control; these profit margins rose to 84 and 102% with provision of supplemental P (26 kg P/ha). With soybean, however, the increase in profit with inoculation was much larger, about 140 and 153% at Rombo and Moshi, respectively, and these rose to 224 and 250% with P supply.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly increased soybean growth against nutrient supply or uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- (brady)rhizobial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- (brady)rhizobiale0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- N and P supply or uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth of soybean and common bean was significantly (P=0.05) greater with (brady)rhizobial inoculation compared with N and P supply or uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation significantly increased common bean growth against nutrient supply or uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- (brady)rhizobial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- (brady)rhizobiale0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- N and P supply or uninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth of soybean and common bean was significantly (P=0.05) greater with (brady)rhizobial inoculation compared with N and P supply or uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation alone raised common bean grain yield by 60–78%.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- inoculation alonee0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60–78%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated unfertilised plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields of common bean were markedly (P=0.05) increased by 60–78% from inoculation alone”
e1“Relative to uninoculated unfertilised plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation plus phosphorus raised common bean grain yield by 82–95%.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- inoculation + 26 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 82–95%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated unfertilised plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields of common bean were markedly (P=0.05) increased by 60–78% from inoculation alone, and 82–95% from inoculation + 26 kg P/ha”
e1“Relative to uninoculated unfertilised plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation alone raised soybean grain yield by 127–139%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation alonee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 127–139%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated unfertilised plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with soybean there was 127–139% increase in grain yield from inoculation alone”
e1“Relative to uninoculated unfertilised plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation plus phosphorus raised soybean grain yield by 207–231%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation + Pe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 207–231%e0
- Comparator
- uninoculated unfertilised plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with soybean there was 127–139% increase in grain yield from inoculation alone, and 207–231% from inoculation + P”
e1“Relative to uninoculated unfertilised plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculant and phosphorus increased biomass production relative to single inputs.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- combined application of bacterial inoculants and P fertilisere0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single use of N and P or (brady)rhizobial strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of bacterial inoculants and P fertiliser to field plants of soybean and common bean significantly (P=0.05) increased biomass production and grain yield compared with the single use of N and P or (brady)rhizobial strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased farmer marginal return and dollar profit.
- Taxon
- soybean and common beanGlycine maxPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- marginal rate of return and dollar profite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- northern Tanzaniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in grain yield with inoculation translated into a significantly (P=0.05) higher marginal rate of return and dollar profit for soybean and common bean farmers in northern Tanzania”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean inoculation raised dollar profit 66% at Moshi.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- dollar profite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 66e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- Moshie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With common bean, there was a 66 and 92% increase, respectively, in dollar profit with inoculation at Moshi and Rombo districts respectively relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean inoculation raised dollar profit 92% at Rombo.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- dollar profite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- Romboe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With common bean, there was a 66 and 92% increase, respectively, in dollar profit with inoculation at Moshi and Rombo districts respectively relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean inoculation plus phosphorus raised dollar profit 84% at Moshi.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- inoculatione1
- Outcome
- dollar profite1
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 84e0
- Qualifier
- supplemental P (26 kg P/ha)e0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Moshie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these profit margins rose to 84 and 102% with provision of supplemental P (26 kg P/ha)”
e1“With common bean, there was a 66 and 92% increase, respectively, in dollar profit with inoculation at Moshi and Rombo districts respectively relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean inoculation plus phosphorus raised dollar profit 102% at Rombo.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- inoculatione1
- Outcome
- dollar profite1
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 102%e0
- Qualifier
- supplemental P (26 kg P/ha)e0
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Romboe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these profit margins rose to 84 and 102% with provision of supplemental P (26 kg P/ha)”
e1“With common bean, there was a 66 and 92% increase, respectively, in dollar profit with inoculation at Moshi and Rombo districts respectively relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean inoculation raised profit about 140% at Rombo.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- profite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- about 140e0
- Setting
- Romboe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With soybean, however, the increase in profit with inoculation was much larger, about 140 and 153% at Rombo and Moshi, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean inoculation raised profit 153% at Moshi.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- profite0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 153%e0
- Setting
- Moshie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With soybean, however, the increase in profit with inoculation was much larger, about 140 and 153% at Rombo and Moshi, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean inoculation plus phosphorus raised profit 224% at Rombo.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inoculatione1
- Outcome
- profite1
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 224e0
- Qualifier
- P supplye0
- Setting
- Romboe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these rose to 224 and 250% with P supply”
e1“With soybean, however, the increase in profit with inoculation was much larger, about 140 and 153% at Rombo and Moshi, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean inoculation plus phosphorus raised profit 250% at Moshi.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- inoculatione1
- Outcome
- profite1
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 250%e0
- Qualifier
- P supplye0
- Setting
- Moshie1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these rose to 224 and 250% with P supply”
e1“With soybean, however, the increase in profit with inoculation was much larger, about 140 and 153% at Rombo and Moshi, respectively”
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