Abstract
Common bean is a poor symbiotic N-fixer, with a low response to inoculation owing to its promiscuous nodulation with competitive but inefficient resident rhizobia. Consequently, farmers prefer to fertilise them rather than rely on their capacity for Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). However, when rhizobial inoculants are based on autochthonous strains, they often have superior BNF performance in the field due to their genetic adaptations to the local environment. Nevertheless, there is scant information at the genomic level explaining their superiority or on how their genomes may influence the inoculant performance. This information is especially important in technologically advanced agri-systems like Europe, where environmental concerns and increasingly stringent fertiliser regulations are encouraging a return to the use of rhizobial inoculants, but based upon strains that have been thoroughly characterised in terms of their symbiotic performance and their genetics. The aim of this study was to design an inoculant formulation based on a superior autochthonous strain, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli LCS0306, to assess its performance in the field, and to determine the genomic features contributing to the high effectiveness of its symbiosis with common bean. Plants inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306 fixed significantly more nitrogen than those with the allochthonous strains R. phaseoli ATCC 14482T and R. etli CFN42T, and had grain yield similar to the nitrogen-fertilised controls. Inoculation with LCS0306 was particularly efficacious when formulated with a carrier based upon a mixture of perlite and biochar. Whole genome comparisons revealed no differences in the classical symbiotic genes of strain LCS0306 within the symbiovar phaseoli. However, its symbiotic superior performance might be due to its genomic versatility, as it harbours a large assortment of genes contributing to fitness and competitiveness. It is concluded that inoculation with elite rhizobia formulated with perlite-biochar carriers might constitute a step-change in the sustainable cultivation of common bean in Spanish soils.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
LCS0306 inoculation increased nitrogen fixation relative to two allochthonous strains.
- Taxon
- Common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306e0
- Interactor
- LCS0306e0symbiont
- Outcome
- fixed significantly more nitrogene0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- allochthonous strains R. phaseoli ATCC 14482T and R. etli CFN42Te0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306 fixed significantly more nitrogen than those with the allochthonous strains R. phaseoli ATCC 14482T and R. etli CFN42T, and had grain yield similar to the nitrogen-fertilised controls.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
LCS0306 inoculation gave grain yield similar to nitrogen-fertilised controls.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306e0
- Interactor
- LCS0306e0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- nitrogen-fertilised controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with the autochthonous strain LCS0306 fixed significantly more nitrogen than those with the allochthonous strains R. phaseoli ATCC 14482T and R. etli CFN42T, and had grain yield similar to the nitrogen-fertilised controls.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The perlite and biochar carrier improved LCS0306 inoculation efficacy.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with LCS0306e0
- Interactor
- LCS0306e0symbiont
- Outcome
- efficaciouse0
- Direction
- particularly efficaciouse0
- Qualifier
- carrier based upon a mixture of perlite and biochare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with LCS0306 was particularly efficacious when formulated with a carrier based upon a mixture of perlite and biochar.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
LCS0306 classical symbiotic genes showed no differences within symbiovar phaseoli.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- LCS0306e0symbiont
- Gene
- classical symbiotic genese0
- Outcome
- no differences in the classical symbiotic genese0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whole genome comparisons revealed no differences in the classical symbiotic genes of strain LCS0306 within the symbiovar phaseoli.”
t0“Common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
LCS0306 harbors many genes linked to fitness and competitiveness.
- Taxon
- Common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoliRhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolit0symbiont
- Outcome
- large assortment of genes contributing to fitness and competitivenesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it harbours a large assortment of genes contributing to fitness and competitiveness.”
t0“Common Bean Based on an Autochthonous Elite Strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose elite rhizobia in perlite biochar carriers for sustainable bean cultivation in Spanish soils.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Interactor
- elite rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation with elite rhizobia formulated with perlite-biochar carrierse0
- Setting
- Spanish soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with elite rhizobia formulated with perlite-biochar carriers might constitute a step-change in the sustainable cultivation of common bean in Spanish soils.”
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