Abstract
Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico. The only chromosome number known in the genus is n =14 and the karyotype appears to be fundamentally symmetrical. The bivalents are significantly smaller than in the related genus Phoradendron . No supernumerary chromosomes, sometimes present in Phoradendron , were observed in Arceuthobium . The existence of strong isolating mechanisms, which apparently preclude natural hybridization, is advanced as a possible explanation for the absence of polyploidy in the dwarf mistletoes. The flowering characteristics of the American species are analyzed and classified into three principal groups: (1) winter and early spring flowering species with southern distributions, (2) summer flowering species with more northerly distributions, and (3) spring flowering species with the highest latitudinal distributions, but which essentially complete floral development during the previous summer. A fourth group is intermediate between the first and second categories.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Arceuthobium has the only known chromosome number in the genus, n = 14.
- Taxon
- Arceuthobium
Arceuthobiume0 - Outcome
- chromosome numbere1
- Value
- n =14e1
- Setting
- the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexicoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e1“The only chromosome number known in the genus is n =14”
Claim · model-written summary
The karyotype of Arceuthobium appears fundamentally symmetrical.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- karyotypee1
- Qualifier
- appears to be fundamentally symmetricale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e1“The only chromosome number known in the genus is n =14 and the karyotype appears to be fundamentally symmetrical”
Claim · model-written summary
Bivalents in Arceuthobium are significantly smaller than in the related genus Phoradendron.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- bivalentse2
- Direction
- smallere2
- Comparator
- Phoradendrone2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e2“The bivalents are significantly smaller than in the related genus Phoradendron”
Claim · model-written summary
No supernumerary chromosomes were observed in Arceuthobium.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume3
- Outcome
- supernumerary chromosomese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“No supernumerary chromosomes, sometimes present in Phoradendron , were observed in Arceuthobium”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong isolating mechanisms are advanced as a possible, hypothetical explanation for the absence of polyploidy in dwarf mistletoes.
- Taxon
- dwarf mistletoesArceuthobiume4
- Outcome
- absence of polyploidye4
- Qualifier
- strong isolating mechanisms, which apparently preclude natural hybridizatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The existence of strong isolating mechanisms, which apparently preclude natural hybridization, is advanced as a possible explanation for the absence of polyploidy in the dwarf mistletoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The flowering characteristics of American Arceuthobium species fall into three principal groups.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- flowering characteristicse5
- Value
- three principal groupse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e5“The flowering characteristics of the American species are analyzed and classified into three principal groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 1 Arceuthobium species flower in winter and early spring and have southern distributions.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- floweringe6
- Value
- winter and early springe6
- Setting
- southern distributionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e6“(1) winter and early spring flowering species with southern distributions”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 2 Arceuthobium species flower in summer and have more northerly distributions.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- floweringe7
- Value
- summere7
- Setting
- more northerly distributionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e7“(2) summer flowering species with more northerly distributions”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 3 Arceuthobium species flower in spring at the highest latitudes but essentially complete floral development the previous summer.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- floral developmente7
- Value
- during the previous summere7
- Setting
- the highest latitudinal distributionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e7“(3) spring flowering species with the highest latitudinal distributions, but which essentially complete floral development during the previous summer”
Claim · model-written summary
A fourth flowering group of Arceuthobium is intermediate between the first and second groups.
- Taxon
- ArceuthobiumArceuthobiume0
- Outcome
- fourth groupe7
- Qualifier
- intermediate between the first and second categoriese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chromosome numbers and other karyological features of Arceuthobium are reported for all species and subspecific groups in the United States and 7 of the 13 entities occurring in Mexico”
e7“A fourth group is intermediate between the first and second categories”