Abstract
Abstract Successful use of plant growth regulants to increase yields of leguminous field crops has not been achieved. Only a few substances have been tested on peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants. Four diverse plant growth regulators were tested on ‘Starr’ Spanish‐type peanut plants to 1) determine their effects on growth and yield components, 2) establish an optimum time for regulant application, and 3) ascertain any residual effects on germination of the seeds produced. The regulants were applied at either early or late‐flowering to plants grown in the greenhouse. When treatments were applied at early‐flowering, shoot fresh weight at harvest was reduced by morphactin, but increased by abscisic acid and picloram plus 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. None of the substances affected growth in the late‐flowering treatment. There was no apparent relationship between vegetative growth and weight of mature seeds produced. Cumulative flowering patterns were altered by some of the substances and the continuous, prolonged flowering of these indeterminate plants was prevented. Pegging was stimulated by morphactin, but there was a wide range within which flowering and pegging could proceed without significantly affecting yield. Treated plants produced seeds with altered germination. Seeds from morphactin‐treated plants germinated abnormally, and they had low ethylene production rates; the percentage of rapidly growing (vigorous) seeds was reduced. The percentage of vigorous seeds from plants treated with abscisic acid and 2.5 ppm of herbicide was also reduced.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Early-flowering morphactin treatment reduced shoot fresh weight at harvest.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Organ / stage
- early‐floweringe0
- Treatment
- morphactine0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weight at harveste0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“When treatments were applied at early‐flowering, shoot fresh weight at harvest was reduced by morphactin”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-flowering abscisic acid increased shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“increased by abscisic acid and picloram plus 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-flowering picloram plus 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid increased shoot fresh weight.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- picloram plus 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“increased by abscisic acid and picloram plus 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-flowering treatments did not affect growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- late‐floweringe0
- Treatment
- substancese0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- None of the substances affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“None of the substances affected growth in the late‐flowering treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth showed no apparent relation to mature-seed weight.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- weight of mature seedse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“There was no apparent relationship between vegetative growth and weight of mature seeds produced.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some regulators changed cumulative flowering patterns and prevented continuous prolonged flowering.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- some of the substancese0
- Outcome
- Cumulative flowering patternse0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“Cumulative flowering patterns were altered by some of the substances and the continuous, prolonged flowering of these indeterminate plants was prevented.”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphactin stimulated pegging.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- morphactine0
- Outcome
- Pegginge0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“Pegging was stimulated by morphactin”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering and pegging could vary widely without significantly affecting yield.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering and pegginge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without significantly affectinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“there was a wide range within which flowering and pegging could proceed without significantly affecting yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphactin-treated seeds germinated abnormally.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- morphactin‐treatede0
- Outcome
- germinated abnormallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“Seeds from morphactin‐treated plants germinated abnormally”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphactin-treated seeds had low ethylene production.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- morphactin‐treatede0
- Outcome
- ethylene production ratese0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“Seeds from morphactin‐treated plants germinated abnormally, and they had low ethylene production rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphactin reduced the proportion of vigorous seeds.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- percentage of rapidly growing (vigorous) seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“the percentage of rapidly growing (vigorous) seeds was reduced.”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid reduced the proportion of vigorous seeds.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- percentage of vigorous seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“The percentage of vigorous seeds from plants treated with abscisic acid and 2.5 ppm of herbicide was also reduced.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2.5 ppm herbicide treatment reduced the proportion of vigorous seeds.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 ppm of herbicidee0
- Outcome
- percentage of vigorous seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“The percentage of vigorous seeds from plants treated with abscisic acid and 2.5 ppm of herbicide was also reduced.”