Abstract
Plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting, broad-spectrum immune response that is mounted after primary pathogen infection. Although SAR has been extensively researched, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation have not been completely understood. We have previously shown that the electron carrier NAD(P) leaks into the plant extracellular compartment upon pathogen attack and that exogenous NAD(P) activates defense gene expression and disease resistance in local treated leaves, suggesting that extracellular NAD(P) [eNAD(P)] might function as a signal molecule activating plant immune responses. To further establish the function of eNAD(P) in plant immunity, we tested the effect of exogenous NAD(P) on resistance gene-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) and SAR. We found that exogenous NAD(P) completely suppresses HR-mediated cell death but does not affect HR-mediated disease resistance. Local application of exogenous NAD(P) is unable to induce SAR in distal tissues, indicating that eNAD(P) is not a sufficient signal for SAR activation. Using transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the human NAD(P)-metabolizing ectoenzyme CD38, we demonstrated that altering eNAD(P) concentration or signaling compromises biological induction of SAR. This result suggests that eNAD(P) may play a critical signaling role in activation of SAR.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NAD(P) completely suppressed HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- exogenous NAD(P)e1
- Outcome
- HR-mediated cell deathe1
- Direction
- completely suppressese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Systemic Acquired Resistance inArabidopsis”
e1“exogenous NAD(P) completely suppresses HR-mediated cell death but does not affect HR-mediated disease resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NAD(P) did not affect HR-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- exogenous NAD(P)e1
- Outcome
- HR-mediated disease resistancee1
- Direction
- does not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Systemic Acquired Resistance inArabidopsis”
e1“exogenous NAD(P) completely suppresses HR-mediated cell death but does not affect HR-mediated disease resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Local application of exogenous NAD(P) did not induce systemic acquired resistance in distal tissues of Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Local application of exogenous NAD(P)e2
- Outcome
- SAR in distal tissuese2
- Direction
- unable to inducee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Systemic Acquired Resistance inArabidopsis”
e2“Local application of exogenous NAD(P) is unable to induce SAR in distal tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Altering extracellular NAD(P) concentration or signalling compromised systemic acquired resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing human CD38.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise4
- Treatment
- altering eNAD(P) concentration or signalinge3
- Gene
- CD38e4
- Outcome
- biological induction of SARe3
- Direction
- compromisese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Systemic Acquired Resistance inArabidopsis”
e3“altering eNAD(P) concentration or signaling compromises biological induction of SAR”
e4“Using transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the human NAD(P)-metabolizing ectoenzyme CD38”
The same questions in other papers
NADP · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.