Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if the nutritive value and aerobic stability of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) silage could be improved by addition of proprietary, exogenous cellulase/hemicellulase enzyme preparations at ensiling. A 5-wk regrowth of Tifton 85 bermudagrass was conserved without treatment (control) or after treatment with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes including Promote NET (Pr), Biocellulase X-20 (X20), Biocellulase A-20 (A20), and Enzyme CT. The respective enzymes were applied at half the recommended rate, the recommended rate, or twice the recommended rate corresponding to 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 g/kg of DM, 7.3, 14.5, and 29 mg/kg of DM, at 7.3, 14.4, and 29 mg/kg of DM, and 89, 178, and 356 mg/kg of DM, for Pr, X20, A20, and CT, respectively. The enzymes were sprayed on the bermudagrass at ensiling (not added at feeding as suggested by the manufacturers) to test the objectives of the study. Six 1-kg replicates of chopped (5 cm) forage were ensiled for 145 d in 2.8-L mini silos. Three silos per treatment were used for chemical analysis and 3 for aerobic stability monitoring. The silage juice was analyzed for organic acids, pH, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), ammonia-N, and soluble N. Freeze-dried samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). In vitro digestibility of DM (IVDMD), NDF (IVNDFD), and ADF (IVADFD) were determined after digesting the silages in buffered rumen fluid for 6 or 48 h in 2 ANKOM(II) Daisy Incubators. Compared with the other silages, those treated with Pr had lower DM losses, and lower pH and ammonia-N concentration than control silages. Residual WSC concentration was greater in Pr- and CT-treated silages than in control silages and greater in Pr-treated silages than CT-treated silages. Compared with control silages, NDF concentration was lower in silages treated with Pr, X20, and CT, and ADF concentration was lower in silages treated with Pr, X20, and A20. Nevertheless, Pr-treated silages contained lower ADF and NDF concentrations than silages treated with the other enzymes. Enzyme-treated silages contained less acetic acid than control silages, and Pr-treated silages had the lowest concentrations of acetic acid. Aerobic stability was increased by enzyme treatment but microbial counts were not affected. The 6-h IVDMD was increased by treatment with Pr and A20, however only Pr increased the IVDMD and IVNDFD at 48 h. The 48-h IVADFD was also increased by treatment with Pr, CT, and A20. These results show that when applied at ensiling, certain fibrolytic enzymes (particularly Promote) can improve the digestibility, fermentation, and aerobic stability of bermudagrass silage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Promote NET reduced dry matter losses, pH, and ammonia nitrogen relative to control silage.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylont0 - Treatment
- Pre0
- Outcome
- DM losses, and lower pH and ammonia-N concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control silagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the other silages, those treated with Pr had lower DM losses, and lower pH and ammonia-N concentration than control silages.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pr and CT silages retained more water soluble carbohydrate than controls, with Pr higher than CT.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pr- and CT-treated silagese0
- Outcome
- Residual WSC concentratione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- control silagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual WSC concentration was greater in Pr- and CT-treated silages than in control silages and greater in Pr-treated silages than CT-treated silages.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pr, X20 and CT reduced neutral detergent fiber concentration relative to controls.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pr, X20, and CTe0
- Outcome
- NDF concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NDF concentration was lower in silages treated with Pr, X20, and CT”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pr, X20 and A20 reduced acid detergent fiber concentration relative to controls.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pr, X20, and A20e0
- Outcome
- ADF concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ADF concentration was lower in silages treated with Pr, X20, and A20.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pr silage had lower ADF and NDF than silage treated with other enzymes.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pr-treated silagese0
- Outcome
- ADF and NDF concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- silages treated with the other enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pr-treated silages contained lower ADF and NDF concentrations than silages treated with the other enzymes.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme treated silages contained less acetic acid than controls; Pr had the lowest concentration.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Enzyme-treated silagese0
- Outcome
- acetic acide0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- control silagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzyme-treated silages contained less acetic acid than control silages, and Pr-treated silages had the lowest concentrations of acetic acid.”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme treatment increased aerobic stability.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- enzyme treatmente0
- Outcome
- Aerobic stabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aerobic stability was increased by enzyme treatment”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme treatment did not affect microbial counts.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- microbial countse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“microbial counts were not affected”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pr and A20 increased six hour in vitro dry matter digestibility.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pr and A20e0
- Outcome
- 6-h IVDMDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 6-h IVDMD was increased by treatment with Pr and A20”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Only Pr increased 48 hour IVDMD and IVNDFD.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pre0
- Outcome
- IVDMD and IVNDFDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only Pr increased the IVDMD and IVNDFD at 48 h”
t0“bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Pr, CT and A20 increased 48 hour IVADFD.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Pr, CT, and A20e0
- Outcome
- 48-h IVADFDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 48-h IVADFD was also increased by treatment with Pr, CT, and A20.”
t0“bermudagrass”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · quality: sugar starch · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.