Abstract
The repeated use of dinitroaniline herbicides on the cotton and soybean fields of the southern United States has resulted in the appearance of resistant biotypes of one of the world's worst weeds, Eleusine indica. Two biotypes have been characterized, a highly resistant (R) biotype and an intermediate resistant (I) biotype. In both cases the resistance has been attributed to a mutation in alpha-tubulin, a component of the alpha/beta tubulin dimer that is the major constituent of microtubules. We show here that the I-biotype mutation, like the R-biotype mutation shown in earlier work, can confer dinitroaniline resistance on transgenic maize calli. The level of resistance obtained is the same as that for E. indica I- or R-biotype seedlings. The combined I- and R-biotype mutations increase the herbicide tolerance of transgenic maize calli by a value close to the summation of the maximum herbicide tolerances of calli harbouring the single mutations. These data, taken together with the position of the two different mutations within the atomic structure of the alpha/beta tubulin dimer, imply that each mutation is likely to exert its effect by a different mechanism. These mechanisms may involve increasing the stability of microtubules against the depolymerizing effects of the herbicide or changing the conformation of the alpha/beta dimer so that herbicide binding is less effective, or a combination of both possibilities.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
The I-biotype mutation conferred dinitroaniline resistance to transgenic maize calli.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“I-biotype mutation, like the R-biotype mutation shown in earlier work, can confer dinitroaniline resistance on transgenic maize calli”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance in transgenic maize calli matched that in E. indica I- or R-biotype seedlings.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“level of resistance obtained is the same as that for E. indica I- or R-biotype seedlings”
t0“maize calli”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining I- and R-biotype mutations increased maize callus herbicide tolerance nearly additively.
- Treatment
- combined I- and R-biotype mutationse0
- Outcome
- herbicide tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- close to the summatione0
- Comparator
- calli harbouring the single mutationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined I- and R-biotype mutations increase the herbicide tolerance of transgenic maize calli by a value close to the summation of the maximum herbicide tolerances of calli harbouring the single mutations”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that the two mutations probably act by different mechanisms.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each mutation is likely to exert its effect by a different mechanism”
t0“maize calli”
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loss of function · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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