Abstract
A series of field experiments aimed to quantify reproductive development of four clover species, arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum), balansa (T. michelianum), gland (T. glanduliferum) and Persian (T. resupinatum), for introduction to New Zealand dryland pastures. The duration from emergence to flowering was related to the length of, and direction of change in, photoperiod at the time of first trifoliate leaf appearance. Autumn-sown crops that emerged into a decreasing photoperiod had a longer vegetative growth before they turned reproductive. The time to flower became shorter with increasing photoperiod until the longest day of the year, before it began to slow down as photoperiod decreased towards late summer. Prima gland clover flowered earlier (500–1216 degree-days) than Bolta balansa (600–1733 degree-days), Cefalu arrowleaf (940–1834 degree-days) and Mihi Persian (1047–2610 degree-days) clovers. The duration from pollination to physiological maturity was 274–689 degree-days for Cefalu, 185 degree-days for Bolta, 256 degree-days for Prima, and 425 degree-days for Mihi. The differences in flowering time suggests the suitability of Prima gland clover for areas that dry out quickly in late spring, Bolta balansa clover for areas of wet winter and dry summer, and Cefalu arrowleaf and Mihi Persian clovers for areas that receive higher spring rainfall.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence-to-flowering duration was related to photoperiod length and its direction of change at first trifoliate leaf appearance.
- Organ / stage
- first trifoliate leaf appearancee0
- Outcome
- duration from emergence to floweringe0
- Qualifier
- photoperiode0
TrifoliumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration from emergence to flowering was related to the length of, and direction of change in, photoperiod at the time of first trifoliate leaf appearance.”
t0“clovers”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn-sown clovers emerging into decreasing photoperiod remained vegetative longer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn-sown crops that emerged into a decreasing photoperiod had a longer vegetative growth before they turned reproductive.”
t0“clovers”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to flower shortened as photoperiod increased toward the longest day, then slowed as photoperiod decreased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The time to flower became shorter with increasing photoperiod until the longest day of the year, before it began to slow down as photoperiod decreased towards late summer.”
t0“clovers”
Claim · model-written summary
Prima gland clover flowered earlier, at 500–1216 degree-days.
Verbatim
e0“Prima gland clover flowered earlier (500–1216 degree-days) than Bolta balansa (600–1733 degree-days), Cefalu arrowleaf (940–1834 degree-days) and Mihi Persian (1047–2610 degree-days) clovers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bolta balansa flowering occurred at 600–1733 degree-days.
Verbatim
e0“Bolta balansa (600–1733 degree-days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cefalu arrowleaf flowering occurred at 940–1834 degree-days.
Verbatim
e0“Cefalu arrowleaf (940–1834 degree-days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mihi Persian flowering occurred at 1047–2610 degree-days.
Verbatim
e0“Mihi Persian (1047–2610 degree-days)”