Abstract
Field studies were conducted to determine if trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluro-2,6,-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-a5-triazin-5(4H)one] affect the growth and nitrogen self sufficiency of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981. Compared to the inoculated control, overall reductions averaged over the entire growing season, in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield due to metribuzin were 59, 85, 92, and 65%, respectively. In 1982 metribuzin at 0.4 kg/ha was not as phytotoxic. Averaged over the season, the reductions recorded in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield were 25, 33, 49, and 9%, respectively. The differences in phytotoxicity in the 2 yr at the two sites were attributed to differences in soil organic matter, and both the degree and timing of rainfall. During both years trifluralin did not cause any significant reductions in the parameters investigated. Reductions in nodulation and nitrogen fixation as a result of metribuzin application were evident only when the crop was injured and the plants were under stress from herbicide application. Trifluralin at 1.1 kg/ha reduced the phytotoxicity caused by metribuzin when the two chemicals were tank mixed. In 1981 there was a 23% yield improvement with the tank mix compared to metribuzin applied alone. In 1982, non-significant decreases in phytotoxicity with the tank mix were evident for the parameters studied. This reduced phytotoxicity may be explained on the basis of lateral root inhibition attributable to the trifluralin in the tank mix as was evident in the growth room study. The tank mix of trifluralin and metribuzin at 1.1 and 0.4 kg/ha, respectively, caused a 56% reduction in total root length compared to the inoculated control one week after emergence. Conversely, the total root length of the plants receiving only the 0.4 kg/ha rate of metribuzin did not differ significantly from the control. This may allow for greater herbicide uptake in the plants treated with only metribuzin leading to a greater level of injury.Key words: Faba bean, growth, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, trifluralin, metribuzin
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin caused substantial crop injury in 1981.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Direction
- substantiale0
- Qualifier
- 1981e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced plant dry weight by 59 in 1981.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 59e0
- Qualifier
- entire growing seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the inoculated control, overall reductions averaged over the entire growing season, in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield due to metribuzin were 59, 85, 92, and 65%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced nodule dry weight by 85 in 1981.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 85e0
- Qualifier
- entire growing seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the inoculated control, overall reductions averaged over the entire growing season, in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield due to metribuzin were 59, 85, 92, and 65%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced nitrogenase activity by 92 in 1981.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 92e0
- Qualifier
- entire growing seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the inoculated control, overall reductions averaged over the entire growing season, in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield due to metribuzin were 59, 85, 92, and 65%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced yield by 65% in 1981.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Qualifier
- entire growing seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the inoculated control, overall reductions averaged over the entire growing season, in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield due to metribuzin were 59, 85, 92, and 65%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced plant dry weight by 25 in 1982.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine1
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 25e0
- Qualifier
- over the seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over the season, the reductions recorded in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield were 25, 33, 49, and 9%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
e1“Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981”
t1“Compared to the inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced nodule dry weight by 33 in 1982.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine1
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 33e0
- Qualifier
- over the seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over the season, the reductions recorded in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield were 25, 33, 49, and 9%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
e1“Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981”
t1“Compared to the inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced nitrogenase activity by 49 in 1982.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine1
- Outcome
- nitrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 49e0
- Qualifier
- over the seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over the season, the reductions recorded in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield were 25, 33, 49, and 9%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
e1“Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981”
t1“Compared to the inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced yield by 9% in 1982.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzine1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- over the seasone0
- Comparator
- inoculated controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over the season, the reductions recorded in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield were 25, 33, 49, and 9%, respectively”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
e1“Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981”
t1“Compared to the inoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin caused no significant reduction in investigated parameters in either year.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- parameters investigatede0
- Direction
- did not cause any significant reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During both years trifluralin did not cause any significant reductions in the parameters investigated”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin reduced nodulation and nitrogen fixation only when crop injury and herbicide stress occurred.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- metribuzin applicatione0
- Outcome
- nodulation and nitrogen fixatione0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Qualifier
- only when the crop was injured and the plants were under stress from herbicide applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in nodulation and nitrogen fixation as a result of metribuzin application were evident only when the crop was injured and the plants were under stress from herbicide application”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mixing trifluralin with metribuzin reduced metribuzin phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Trifluralin at 1.1 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- metribuzine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin at 1.1 kg/ha reduced the phytotoxicity caused by metribuzin when the two chemicals were tank mixed”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
The tank mix improved yield by 23% over metribuzin alone in 1981.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- tank mixe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- metribuzin applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1981 there was a 23% yield improvement with the tank mix compared to metribuzin applied alone”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mix decreases in phytotoxicity measures were not significant in 1982.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- tank mixe0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1982, non-significant decreases in phytotoxicity with the tank mix were evident for the parameters studied”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Tank mix reduced total root length by 56% against the inoculated control one week after emergence.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- tank mix of trifluralin and metribuzin at 1.1 and 0.4 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 56%e0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tank mix of trifluralin and metribuzin at 1.1 and 0.4 kg/ha, respectively, caused a 56% reduction in total root length compared to the inoculated control one week after emergence”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin alone did not significantly change total root length against control.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 kg/ha rate of metribuzine0
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- did not differ significantlye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the total root length of the plants receiving only the 0.4 kg/ha rate of metribuzin did not differ significantly from the control”
t0“FABA BEAN GROWTH”
The same questions in other papers
metribuzin · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
metribuzin · yield · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
trifluralin · crop injury · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.