Abstract
Defined changes in the cell wall directed by many proteins accompany every morphogenetic process in plants. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase proteins (XTH; EC 2.4.1.207) have the potential to modify the hemicellulose matrix within the cell wall. Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3 genes, which encode XTH proteins, were found among numerous genes that are differentially expressed after the induction of cucumber somatic embryogenesis. The expression of these genes increased during somatic embryogenesis. The Cs-XTH1 gene was localized on the second chromosome near the centromere region, whereas Cs-XTH3 was found in the middle of the fifth chromosome's longer arm. Northern blot hybridization showed that both genes were preferentially expressed in roots. We also observed higher accumulation of both transcripts in somatic embryos than in the proembryogenic mass. The localization of mRNA by in situ hybridization revealed that the Cs-XTH1 transcripts were largely accumulated in the presumptive cotyledon primordia of somatic embryos. The XTH gene family consists of a number of genes with a high degree of structural similarity. Screening a cucumber genomic library has identified other members of this gene family. The intron/exon structure, sequence similarities and the close chromosomal distance between some members suggest their common evolutionary origin. The involvement of XTH-related genes in somatic embryo formation is discussed.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3 expression increased during somatic embryogenesis in cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Gene
- Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3e0
- Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
e0“Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3 genes, which encode XTH proteins, were found among numerous genes that are differentially expressed after the induction of cucumber somatic embryogenesis”
e1“The expression of these genes increased during somatic embryogenesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3 were preferentially expressed in roots of cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Gene
- Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3e0
- Outcome
- preferentially expressede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
e0“Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3 genes, which encode XTH proteins, were found among numerous genes that are differentially expressed after the induction of cucumber somatic embryogenesis”
e2“Northern blot hybridization showed that both genes were preferentially expressed in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Both XTH transcripts accumulated at higher levels in somatic embryos than in the proembryogenic mass.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- somatic embryose3
- Gene
- Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of both transcriptse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- proembryogenic masse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
e0“Cs-XTH1 and Cs-XTH3 genes, which encode XTH proteins, were found among numerous genes that are differentially expressed after the induction of cucumber somatic embryogenesis”
e3“We also observed higher accumulation of both transcripts in somatic embryos than in the proembryogenic mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Cs-XTH1 transcripts were largely accumulated in the presumptive cotyledon primordia of somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- presumptive cotyledon primordia of somatic embryose4
- Gene
- Cs-XTH1e4
- Outcome
- Cs-XTH1 transcripts were largely accumulatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
e4“the Cs-XTH1 transcripts were largely accumulated in the presumptive cotyledon primordia of somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
The XTH gene family of cucumber consists of genes with a high degree of structural similarity.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Gene
- XTHe5
- Outcome
- structural similaritye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cucumber (Cucumis sativus)”
e5“The XTH gene family consists of a number of genes with a high degree of structural similarity”