Abstract
ABSTRACT A study was performed to examine whether or not betaine (glycinebetaine), a compatible solute, is accumulated in response to cold stress and is involved in mechanisms that protect plants from freezing injury. For this purpose, we used near‐isogenic lines of barley, with each line differing only in a single gene for the spring type of growth habit; the various lines were produced by back‐crosses to a recurrent cultivar of the winter type. The winter type of growth habit requires a low temperature for triggering of flower development (vernalization), whereas the spring type does not. Betaine was accumulated to five times the basal level over the course of 3 weeks at low temperature (5 °C) in the winter‐type cultivar and in a spring‐sh line having the sh gene for the spring‐type growth habit, but the level was only doubled in the spring‐Sh3 line, which carried the Sh 3 gene for the spring‐type growth habit. Among near‐isogenic lines of the same cultivar, the levels of betaine accumulated in leaves at low temperature were well correlated with the percentages (on a dry weight basis) of green leaves that survived freezing injury (‐5 °C). This observation indicates the possibility, separate from the recognized role of betaine in the response to salinity and/or drought, that betaine accumulates in response to cold stress and that the accumulation of betaine during cold acclimation is associated to some extent with freezing tolerance in leaves of barley plants.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine accumulated to five times the basal level under low temperature in the winter-type cultivar.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- winter‐type cultivare1
- Treatment
- low temperature (5 °C)e1
- Outcome
- Betainee1
- Direction
- accumulatede1
- Value
- five times the basal levele1
- Comparator
- basal levele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Betaine was accumulated to five times the basal level over the course of 3 weeks at low temperature (5 °C) in the winter‐type cultivar and in a spring‐sh line having the sh gene for the spring‐type growth habit, but the level was only doubled in the spring‐Sh3 line, which carried the Sh 3 gene for the spring‐type growth habit”
t0“winter and spring barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine accumulated to five times the basal level under low temperature in the spring-sh line with the sh gene.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- spring‐sh linee1
- Treatment
- low temperature (5 °C)e1
- Gene
- sh genee1
- Outcome
- Betainee1
- Direction
- accumulatede1
- Value
- five times the basal levele1
- Comparator
- basal levele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Betaine was accumulated to five times the basal level over the course of 3 weeks at low temperature (5 °C) in the winter‐type cultivar and in a spring‐sh line having the sh gene for the spring‐type growth habit, but the level was only doubled in the spring‐Sh3 line, which carried the Sh 3 gene for the spring‐type growth habit”
t0“winter and spring barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine level only doubled under low temperature in the spring-Sh3 line carrying the Sh 3 gene.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- spring‐Sh3 linee1
- Treatment
- low temperature (5 °C)e1
- Gene
- Sh 3 genee1
- Outcome
- levele1
- Direction
- doublede1
- Comparator
- basal levele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Betaine was accumulated to five times the basal level over the course of 3 weeks at low temperature (5 °C) in the winter‐type cultivar and in a spring‐sh line having the sh gene for the spring‐type growth habit, but the level was only doubled in the spring‐Sh3 line, which carried the Sh 3 gene for the spring‐type growth habit”
t0“winter and spring barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine levels accumulated at low temperature were well correlated with the percentage of green leaves surviving freezing injury.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee2
- Compound
- betainee2
- Outcome
- green leaves that survived freezing injurye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Among near‐isogenic lines of the same cultivar, the levels of betaine accumulated in leaves at low temperature were well correlated with the percentages (on a dry weight basis) of green leaves that survived freezing injury (‐5 °C)”
t0“winter and spring barley plants”
The same questions in other papers
cold · molecular: metabolites · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.