Abstract
In each ovary of Cryptantha flava, three of the four ovules usually fail to develop, even though all of them may be fertilized. I tested the hypothesis that ovules with more-vigorous embryos selectively mature. Following fertilization but before ovule abortion, three arbitrarily selected ovules were destroyed in each of 1970 (experimental) flowers. The performance of offspring produced by these flowers was compared with the performance of offspring from control flowers in which any one of the four ovules could develop. In the control flowers, when one ovule was just larger than the others, the other three ovules were destroyed. The seeds resulting from both treatments were planted near their source plants at several locations in the field. Emergence, seedling survival, and seedling size were monitored through two growing seasons. Less emergence occurred in seeds produced by the experimental treatment than in control seeds, but seedling survival during the first year did not differ significantly. Overall survival from planting was greater for the controls in both years. Plant height and the number of leaves per plant did not differ between treatments for either year. For all measures of success, there were significant differences among sites and, for some, significant treatment-by-site interactions. The results are consistent with the selective maturation of higher-quality embryos, but alternative explanations are also given.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Usually three of four ovules in each Cryptantha flava ovary fail to develop, despite possible fertilization.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flava
_Figure_7_c.jpeg?width=60)
Oreocarya flavae0 - Organ / stage
- ovarye0
- Outcome
- three of the four ovules usually fail to develope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_7_c.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In each ovary of Cryptantha flava, three of the four ovules usually fail to develop, even though all of them may be fertilized.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds from experimental ovule destruction had less emergence than control seeds.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Treatment
- experimental treatmente0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- Lesse0
- Comparator
- control seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less emergence occurred in seeds produced by the experimental treatment than in control seeds”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year seedling survival did not differ significantly between ovule-destruction treatments.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Treatment
- experimental treatmentt1
- Outcome
- seedling survivale0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- control seedst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling survival during the first year did not differ significantly.”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
t1“experimental treatment than in control seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall survival from planting was greater for controls in both years.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Treatment
- experimental treatmentt1
- Outcome
- Overall survival from plantinge0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall survival from planting was greater for the controls in both years.”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
t1“experimental treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height did not differ between ovule-destruction treatments in either year.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- control flowerst1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and the number of leaves per plant did not differ between treatments for either year.”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
t1“performance of offspring from control flowers”
e1“the performance of offspring produced by these flowers was compared”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves per plant did not differ between ovule-destruction treatments in either year.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- control flowerst1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height and the number of leaves per plant did not differ between treatments for either year.”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
t1“performance of offspring from control flowers”
e1“the performance of offspring produced by these flowers was compared”
Claim · model-written summary
Success measures differed significantly among sites.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Outcome
- measures of successe0
- Setting
- sitese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all measures of success, there were significant differences among sites”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
Claim · model-written summary
Some success measures showed significant treatment-by-site interactions.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- treatment-by-site interactionse0
- Setting
- sitee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for some, significant treatment-by-site interactions.”
t0“Cryptantha flava”
Claim · model-written summary
The results support selective maturation of higher-quality embryos, with alternative explanations acknowledged.
- Taxon
- Cryptantha flavaOreocarya flavat0
- Outcome
- selective maturation of higher-quality embryose0
- Qualifier
- alternative explanations are also givene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results are consistent with the selective maturation of higher-quality embryos, but alternative explanations are also given.”
t0“Cryptantha flava”