Abstract
Phytoextraction of metals is frequently limited by contaminant bioavailability and plant uptake rates. Chemical amendments can be added to increase the uptake and translocation of metals to aerial biomass. A range of amendments of various types was tested for increasing the copper uptake with the test species Indian mustard and ryegrass. These included citric acid (an organic acid); histidine (an amino acid); ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and ethelynediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) (aminopolycarboxylic acids); rhamnolipid (a biosurfactant); and Triton X-100 (a synthetic surfactant). EDTA was the most effective amendment for enhancing copper uptake and translocation into the shoots of Indian mustard and ryegrass, with respective shoot tissue copper levels of 1230 and 1360 μg-Cu/g-dry weight after 10 d compared to 90 and 220 μg-Cu/g-dry weight, respectively, in the unamended treatments. However, the EDTA application resulted in symptoms of toxicity in both Indian mustard and ryegrass, leading to drastic decreases in biomass yield. The application of high levels (300 mg/L) of the biodegradable chelator EDDS was found to be effective for improving translocation of copper in both species. The NTA addition provided benefits to root and shoot growth, with increased copper translocation to shoot tissue. Tests with biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants indicated detrimental effects on copper uptake, biomass yield, and the translocation of copper from roots to shoots in both plant species.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA enhanced copper uptake and shoot translocation in Indian mustard, reaching 1230 μg-Cu/g-dry weight versus 90 unamended.
- Taxon
- Indian mustard
Brassica junceae0 - Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- shoot tissue copper levelse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 1230e0
- Qualifier
- 90 and 220 μg-Cu/g-dry weighte0
- Comparator
- unamended treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA was the most effective amendment for enhancing copper uptake and translocation into the shoots of Indian mustard and ryegrass, with respective shoot tissue copper levels of 1230 and 1360 μg-Cu/g-dry weight after 10 d compared to 90 and 220 μg-Cu/g-dry weight, respectively, in the unamended treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA enhanced copper uptake and shoot translocation in ryegrass, reaching 1360 μg-Cu/g-dry weight versus 220 unamended.
- Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- shoot tissue copper levelse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 1360 μg-Cu/g-dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- 90 and 220 μg-Cu/g-dry weighte0
- Comparator
- unamended treatmentse0
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EDTA was the most effective amendment for enhancing copper uptake and translocation into the shoots of Indian mustard and ryegrass, with respective shoot tissue copper levels of 1230 and 1360 μg-Cu/g-dry weight after 10 d compared to 90 and 220 μg-Cu/g-dry weight, respectively, in the unamended treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA caused toxicity symptoms and drastically decreased biomass yield in Indian mustard.
- Taxon
- Indian mustardBrassica junceae0
- Treatment
- EDTA applicatione0
- Outcome
- symptoms of toxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EDTA application resulted in symptoms of toxicity in both Indian mustard and ryegrass, leading to drastic decreases in biomass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA caused toxicity symptoms and drastically decreased biomass yield in ryegrass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EDTA application resulted in symptoms of toxicity in both Indian mustard and ryegrass, leading to drastic decreases in biomass yield”
Claim · model-written summary
EDDS at 300 mg/L improved copper translocation in Indian mustard.
- Taxon
- BRASSICA JUNCEABrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- 300 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- translocation of coppere0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high levels (300 mg/L) of the biodegradable chelator EDDS was found to be effective for improving translocation of copper in both species”
t0“BRASSICA JUNCEA”
Claim · model-written summary
EDDS at 300 mg/L improved copper translocation in ryegrass.
- Taxon
- LOLIUM PERENNE
Lolium perennet0 - Treatment
- 300 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- translocation of coppere0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high levels (300 mg/L) of the biodegradable chelator EDDS was found to be effective for improving translocation of copper in both species”
t0“LOLIUM PERENNE”
Claim · model-written summary
NTA benefited root and shoot growth and increased copper translocation in Indian mustard.
- Taxon
- BRASSICA JUNCEABrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- NTA additione0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- benefitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTA addition provided benefits to root and shoot growth, with increased copper translocation to shoot tissue.”
t0“BRASSICA JUNCEA”
Claim · model-written summary
NTA increased copper translocation to shoot tissue in ryegrass.
- Taxon
- LOLIUM PERENNELolium perennet0
- Treatment
- NTA additione0
- Outcome
- copper translocation to shoot tissuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NTA addition provided benefits to root and shoot growth, with increased copper translocation to shoot tissue.”
t0“LOLIUM PERENNE”
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactants detrimentally affected copper uptake, biomass yield and translocation in Indian mustard.
- Taxon
- BRASSICA JUNCEABrassica junceat0
- Treatment
- biosurfactants and synthetic surfactantse0
- Outcome
- copper uptake, biomass yield, and the translocation of copper from roots to shootse0
- Direction
- detrimental effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants indicated detrimental effects on copper uptake, biomass yield, and the translocation of copper from roots to shoots in both plant species”
t0“BRASSICA JUNCEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactants detrimentally affected copper uptake, biomass yield and translocation in ryegrass.
- Taxon
- LOLIUM PERENNELolium perennet0
- Treatment
- biosurfactants and synthetic surfactantse0
- Outcome
- copper uptake, biomass yield, and the translocation of copper from roots to shootse0
- Direction
- detrimental effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants indicated detrimental effects on copper uptake, biomass yield, and the translocation of copper from roots to shoots in both plant species”
t0“LOLIUM PERENNE”
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.