Abstract
In this work, the effects of fungicide treatments on the distribution and presence of the yeast flora that colonise the surfaces of grapes were investigated. Samples were collected from three vineyards treated with different fungicide applications using two methodologies to detect the yeast flora. Our results show that organic fungicides applied on wine grapes during ripening cause a drastic reduction in the yeast flora. In the absence of fungicide treatments,Hanseniaspora uvarum was the dominant species, followed byMetschnikowia pulcherrima. Results of inorganic fungicide treatment trials confirmed the dominance of these wine fermenting yeasts together with a significant presence ofAureobasidium pullulans andCryptococcus spp. The use of organic fungicides (in addition to inorganic fungicide application) showedA. pullulans as the predominant yeast species, followed by theCryptococcus species, while wine fermenting yeasts were scarcely represented. The dominance ofA. pullulans on grape surface treated with organic fungicides was confirmed in two consecutive vintages. In conclusion, organic fungicides directly applied on grape surfaces result in a dramatic reduction of yeast population and a shift in yeast populations towardsA. pullulans.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fungicides during ripening drastically reduced grape-surface yeast flora.
- Taxon
- wine grapes
Vitis viniferat0e0 - Treatment
- organic fungicidese0
- Outcome
- yeast florae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“organic fungicides applied on wine grapes during ripening cause a drastic reduction in the yeast flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fungicide treatment, Hanseniaspora uvarum dominated grape yeast flora.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- absence of fungicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Hanseniaspora uvarumHanseniaspora uvarume0other
- Outcome
- Hanseniaspora uvarum was the dominant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“In the absence of fungicide treatments,Hanseniaspora uvarum was the dominant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fungicide treatment, Metschnikowia pulcherrima ranked after H. uvarum.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Interactor
- Metschnikowia pulcherrimaMetschnikowia pulcherrimae0other
- Outcome
- followed byMetschnikowia pulcherrimae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“followed byMetschnikowia pulcherrima”
Claim · model-written summary
In inorganic fungicide trials, wine-fermenting yeasts remained dominant.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- inorganic fungicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- dominance of these wine fermenting yeastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“Results of inorganic fungicide treatment trials confirmed the dominance of these wine fermenting yeasts”
Claim · model-written summary
In inorganic fungicide trials, Aureobasidium pullulans was significantly present.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Interactor
- Aureobasidium pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse0other - Outcome
- significant presence ofAureobasidium pullulanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“a significant presence ofAureobasidium pullulans”
Claim · model-written summary
In inorganic fungicide trials, Cryptococcus spp. were significantly present.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Interactor
- Cryptococcus spp.e0other
- Outcome
- Cryptococcus spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“andCryptococcus spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
With organic plus inorganic fungicides, A. pullulans predominated.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- organic fungicides (in addition to inorganic fungicide application)e0
- Interactor
- A. pullulanse0other
- Outcome
- A. pullulans as the predominant yeast speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“The use of organic fungicides (in addition to inorganic fungicide application) showedA. pullulans as the predominant yeast species”
Claim · model-written summary
With organic plus inorganic fungicides, Cryptococcus species ranked next.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Interactor
- Cryptococcus speciese0other
- Outcome
- followed by theCryptococcus speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“followed by theCryptococcus species”
Claim · model-written summary
With organic plus inorganic fungicides, wine-fermenting yeasts were scarce.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- wine fermenting yeasts were scarcely representede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“while wine fermenting yeasts were scarcely represented”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pullulans dominated organically treated grape surfaces in two consecutive vintages.
- Taxon
- wine grapesVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- organic fungicidese0
- Interactor
- A. pullulanse0other
- Outcome
- dominance ofA. pullulanse0
- Qualifier
- two consecutive vintagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wine grapes”
e0“The dominance ofA. pullulans on grape surface treated with organic fungicides was confirmed in two consecutive vintages”