Abstract
Pith (parenchyma) cell death (PCD) in stalk internodes of corn ( Zea mays L.) is positively associated with stalk rot. Only limited information on inheritance of PCD is available, and none for corn with the leafy (Lfy) gene. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, (ii) determine the effect of the Lfy gene on PCD and leaf midrib parenchyma cell death (LMCD) among 21 F 1 crosses from seven Lfy synthetics (A619, A632, B73, Hy, Mo17, wf9, and 914), and (iii) determine if LMCD is correlated with PCD. In 1989 and 1990, we visually rated LMCD of five Lfy and five non‐ Lfy plants (5 leaves plant −1 ) ≈1 wk before midsilk. Then for PCD, 21 d after midsilk, we visually rated the first four stalk internodes above the brace roots of all plants (1988) or 10 Lfy and 10 non‐ Lfy plants in each plot (1989 and 1990). For PCD, SCA was more important than GCA, as suggested by small ratios (0.32 and 0.18) of GCA (σ 2 s ) and SCA (σ 2 g ) variances computed using 2σ 2 g /(σ 2 g + σ 2 g ). The A632, B73, and Mo17 synthetics showed significant negative GCA effects for PCD; their use in a breeding program might be effective in reducing stalk internodal parenchyma cell death. Use of F 1 crosses Mo17 syn × 914 syn, A619 syn × Mo17 syn, and B73 syn × Hy syn should be avoided, as they showed significant positive SCA effects for PCD. Evaluation of all four stalk internodes might not be necessary, as the third internodes provided more reliable PCD data than the others. Pith cell death was significantly lower in the Lfy than the non‐ Lfy plants. Leaf midrib cell death and PCD were not correlated genetically or phenotypically, which suggests that selection for LMCD would not change PCD. A 2σ 2 g /(σ 2 g + σ 2 s ) ratio of 0.59 for LMCD suggests that both GCA and SCA are important. The A632 syn and B73 syn showed significant negative and 914 syn showed significant positive GCA effects for both LMCD and PCD. Mean LMCD (across leaves) of Lfy plants was significantly lower than that of non‐ Lfy plants in two of three environments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Specific combining ability exceeded general combining ability for stalk pith cell death.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Outcome
- PCDe0
- Direction
- more importante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For PCD, SCA was more important than GCA”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A632, B73, and Mo17 synthetics had significant negative GCA effects on PCD.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- A632, B73, and Mo17 syntheticse0
- Outcome
- GCA effects for PCDe0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The A632, B73, and Mo17 synthetics showed significant negative GCA effects for PCD”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three named crosses had significant positive SCA effects for PCD.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- Mo17 syn × 914 syn, A619 syn × Mo17 syn, and B73 syn × Hy syne0
- Outcome
- SCA effects for PCDe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F 1 crosses Mo17 syn × 914 syn, A619 syn × Mo17 syn, and B73 syn × Hy syn should be avoided, as they showed significant positive SCA effects for PCD”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Third stalk internodes supplied more reliable PCD data than other internodes.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- PCD datae0
- Direction
- more reliablee0
- Comparator
- the otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the third internodes provided more reliable PCD data than the others”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pith cell death was significantly lower in leafy plants.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- Lfye0
- Outcome
- Pith cell deathe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- non‐ Lfy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pith cell death was significantly lower in the Lfy than the non‐ Lfy plants”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Midrib and stalk cell death were uncorrelated genetically and phenotypically.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Organ / stage
- Leaf midribe0
- Outcome
- Leaf midrib cell death and PCDe0
- Direction
- not correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf midrib cell death and PCD were not correlated genetically or phenotypically”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both GCA and SCA were important for midrib cell death.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- both GCA and SCA are importante0
- Value
- 0.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 2σ 2 g /(σ 2 g + σ 2 s ) ratio of 0.59 for LMCD suggests that both GCA and SCA are important”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A632 and B73 had negative GCA effects on both LMCD and PCD.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- A632 syn and B73 syne0
- Outcome
- GCA effects for both LMCD and PCDe0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The A632 syn and B73 syn showed significant negative and 914 syn showed significant positive GCA effects for both LMCD and PCD”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 914 synthetic had positive GCA effects on both LMCD and PCD.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- 914 syne0
- Outcome
- GCA effects for both LMCD and PCDe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The A632 syn and B73 syn showed significant negative and 914 syn showed significant positive GCA effects for both LMCD and PCD”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leafy plants had significantly lower mean midrib cell death in two of three environments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Material
- Lfy plantse0
- Outcome
- Mean LMCDe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- two of three environmentse0
- Comparator
- non‐ Lfy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean LMCD (across leaves) of Lfy plants was significantly lower than that of non‐ Lfy plants in two of three environments”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.)”