Abstract
In August 2002, darkened and downward-turned flowering stalks were observed on plants of Plantago lanceolata in its natural habitat in the Åland Islands, south-west Finland. An estimated 10% of the P. lanceolata plants in a c. 0·2 ha meadow displayed these symptoms. Stalks with sporulating fungal structures were collected for closer microscopic examination. The morphological characteristics of the conidiogenous cells, which were slightly broadened near the base, were similar to those of Phomopsis subordinaria as described by de Nooij & van der Aa (1987). Of the two conidial types described, alpha and beta, collected samples contained only α-conidia. Twelve-week-old P. lanceolata plants were inoculated as described by de Nooij & van der Aa (1987). A suspension of P. subordinaria conidia was obtained by shaking a 2 cm piece of infected stalk in 30 mL sterile water for 30 min at 250 r.p.m. Stalks were wounded just below the ear with a sterile needle, then brushed with the suspension of conidia. Eight P. lanceolata plants were wounded and inoculated, and eight were wounded and brushed with sterile water to serve as controls in the experiment. Plants were kept in the glasshouse at 22/16°C and 16/8 h light period, respectively. After 2 weeks, darkening and bending typical of the stalk disease observed on P. lanceolata in the meadow was observed on 90% of the inoculated stalks. No symptoms were observed on the control plants. After 6 weeks the fungus had grown into the rosette of the wounded inoculated plants, causing severe wilting and eventually plant death. The pathogen was reisolated from affected plants by incubating 5 mm pieces of wounded stalks on water agar in Petri dishes at 20 ± 3°C. Conidia exuding from sporulating pycnidia were mass-transferred onto potato dextrose agar. After 7 days’ incubation, pycnidia with newly forming conidia were produced, fitting the description of P. subordinaria. There are reports of P. subordinaria infecting P. lanceolata in both Great Britain (Grove, 1935) and in the Netherlands (de Nooij & van der Aa, 1987). However, no previous record has been found on the occurrence of P. subordinaria in natural populations of P. lanceolata in Finland. Diseased specimens of P. lanceolata have been deposited in the Herbarium at the University of Turku, Finland (accession number TUR 158521).
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Darkened downward-turned flowering stalks occurred in an estimated 10% of Plantago lanceolata plants in the sampled meadow.
- Taxon
- P. lanceolata
Plantago lanceolatae0 - Outcome
- displayed these symptomse0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Setting
- meadowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An estimated 10% of the P. lanceolata plants in a c. 0·2 ha meadow displayed these symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Collected diseased stalks contained only alpha conidia, consistent with Phomopsis subordinaria.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Interactor
- Phomopsis subordinariaDiaporthe subordinariat1pathogene0
- Outcome
- α-conidiae0
- Direction
- onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the two conidial types described, alpha and beta, collected samples contained only α-conidia”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
t1“Phomopsis subordinaria”
Claim · model-written summary
Typical stalk darkening and bending appeared on 90% of inoculated stalks after two weeks.
- Taxon
- P. lanceolataPlantago lanceolatae0
- Treatment
- inoculated stalkse0
- Outcome
- darkening and bendinge0
- Direction
- observede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 2 weeks, darkening and bending typical of the stalk disease observed on P. lanceolata in the meadow was observed on 90% of the inoculated stalks. No symptoms were observed on the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Control Plantago plants showed no symptoms.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- No symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No symptoms were observed on the control plants”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
Six weeks after inoculation, the fungus reached the rosette and caused severe wilting and eventual plant death.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Organ / stage
- rosettee0
- Treatment
- wounded inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- severe wilting and eventually plant deathe0
- Direction
- severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 6 weeks the fungus had grown into the rosette of the wounded inoculated plants, causing severe wilting and eventually plant death”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus was reisolated from affected plants and produced pycnidia with conidia fitting P. subordinaria.
- Taxon
- Plantago lanceolataPlantago lanceolatat0
- Interactor
- P. subordinariaDiaporthe subordinariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- pycnidia with newly forming conidiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 7 days’ incubation, pycnidia with newly forming conidia were produced, fitting the description of P. subordinaria”
t0“Plantago lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report the first occurrence of P. subordinaria in natural P. lanceolata populations in Finland.
- Taxon
- P. lanceolataPlantago lanceolatae0
- Interactor
- P. subordinariaDiaporthe subordinariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- occurrence of P. subordinariae0
- Setting
- Finlande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no previous record has been found on the occurrence of P. subordinaria in natural populations of P. lanceolata in Finland”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Plantago lanceolata (narrow-leaved plantain)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.