Abstract
Free and conjugated deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) were determined in samples of cereal grain collected from the 2009, 2010 and 2011 crops in the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. Free DON was absent in 53–64% of analysed samples. Levels of free DON ranged from 0.10 to 7.31 µg/g. The highest levels of free DON were found in samples collected from the New South Wales 2010 crop while no samples from South Australia or Western Australia regions contained this compound. Free DON in the samples collected from the 2010 crop was significantly higher compared with those from the 2009 and the 2011 crop. Conjugated DON was detected in 61, 87 and 68% of contaminated grain samples in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 crop, respectively. Conjugated DON was found mainly in the samples collected from the 2009 crop (up to 48%) and the 2011 crop (up to 43%) but no significant difference between free DON and total DON content was observed. The current survey emphasises the frequency of non-detectable, conjugated DON in Australian cereal crops and the potential challenges in understanding the hazard posed by DON-contaminated feedstuffs.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Free DON was absent in 53–64% of analysed cereal grain samples.
Verbatim
t0“the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia”
e1“Free DON was absent in 53–64% of analysed samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Free DON levels in cereal grain ranged from 0.10 to 7.31 µg/g.
Verbatim
t0“the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia”
e2“Levels of free DON ranged from 0.10 to 7.31 µg/g”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest free DON levels were found in the New South Wales 2010 crop.
Verbatim
t0“the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia”
e3“The highest levels of free DON were found in samples collected from the New South Wales 2010 crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Free DON in the 2010 crop was significantly higher than in the 2009 and 2011 crops.
Verbatim
t0“the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia”
e4“Free DON in the samples collected from the 2010 crop was significantly higher compared with those from the 2009 and the 2011 crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjugated DON was detected in 61%, 87% and 68% of contaminated grain samples from the 2009, 2010 and 2011 crops.
Verbatim
t0“the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia”
e5“Conjugated DON was detected in 61, 87 and 68% of contaminated grain samples in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 crop, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total DON content did not differ significantly from free DON content.
Verbatim
t0“the 2009, 2010 and 2011 cereal crops in Australia”
e6“no significant difference between free DON and total DON content was observed”