Abstract
Abstract Residues and farmyard manures are considered important in determining the N fertilizer requirement of crops. This relationship was studied in a 10‐year field experiment on a Typic Hapludalf soil (pH 7.8). Five levels of fertilizer N were applied annually with three management treatments which included 1) returning the stover produced by the preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop, 2) poultry manure equivalent to 112 kg N/ha/year and 3) no stover returned or manure applied. Dry matter yields and N in grain and stover were measured each year. In general, the manure treatment without N fertilizer gave yields comparable with any other treatment. Where fertilizer N was not applied, stover depressed yields; but where N was applied, stover resulted in slightly higher fields than where stover was removed. Stover returned to the soil did not increase fertilizer N requirements at nomal rates of application. Fertilizer N narrowed the C/N ratio of the stover residue, but this additional N was not reflected in the total N content of the grain or the soil. Regression equations for yields of grain and N on N applied indicated that a single term, the square root of N applied, would fit the response pattern for the majority of treatments, not including manure in most years. Treatments including manure required terms with the square and cube of applied fertilizer N levels to describe the response pattern. Yields from residual N were higher on plots where stover had not been applied than where applied and, at the highest level of applied N, equalled those from residual manure. Soil organic matter (OM) declined during the experiment, but stover residues and manure gave a smaller decline than without residues. Applied N did not help to conserve OM, but increased inorganic N (NO 3 ‐ + NH 4 + ) in the soil. The degree of water‐stable aggregation was increased by stover and manure treatments. It was concluded that corn stover residue did not affect the N fertilizer requirement of this soil for grain corn production. Annual applications of liquid poultry manure, containing N equivalent to 112 kg/ha, precluded a requirement for fertilizer N.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Manure without nitrogen fertilizer produced yields comparable with any other treatment.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- manure treatment without N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- any other treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the manure treatment without N fertilizer gave yields comparable with any other treatment”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Returned stover depressed yields when fertilizer nitrogen was absent.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- stovere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Qualifier
- Where fertilizer N was not appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where fertilizer N was not applied, stover depressed yields”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
With nitrogen fertilizer, returned stover slightly raised yields relative to removal.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- stovere0
- Outcome
- fieldse0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- where stover was removede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“where N was applied, stover resulted in slightly higher fields than where stover was removed”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Returning stover did not increase fertilizer nitrogen requirements at normal rates.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Stover returned to the soile0
- Outcome
- fertilizer N requirementse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stover returned to the soil did not increase fertilizer N requirements at nomal rates of application”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer nitrogen narrowed the stover residue carbon to nitrogen ratio.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- C/N ratio of the stover residuee0
- Direction
- narrowede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N narrowed the C/N ratio of the stover residue”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen did not increase total nitrogen in grain or soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- additional Ne0
- Outcome
- total N content of the grain or the soile0
- Direction
- not reflectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this additional N was not reflected in the total N content of the grain or the soil”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
A square root term for applied nitrogen fit most grain and nitrogen yield responses, except most manure treatments.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a single term, the square root of N applied, would fit the response pattern for the majority of treatments, not including manure in most years”
e1“Regression equations for yields of grain and N on N applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure treatments required square and cube terms for nitrogen response fits.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments including manure required terms with the square and cube of applied fertilizer N levels to describe the response pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual nitrogen yielded more without stover than with stover.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- stover had not been appliede0
- Outcome
- Yields from residual Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- where appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields from residual N were higher on plots where stover had not been applied than where applied”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter declined over the experiment.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Soil organic matter (OM)e0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter (OM) declined during the experiment”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover and manure reduced the decline in soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- stover residues and manuree0
- Outcome
- Soil organic matter (OM)e1
- Direction
- smaller declinee0
- Comparator
- without residuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stover residues and manure gave a smaller decline than without residues”
e1“Soil organic matter (OM) declined during the experiment”
e2“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen did not conserve soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Applied Ne0
- Outcome
- OMe0
- Direction
- did not help to conservee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied N did not help to conserve OM”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen increased soil inorganic nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Applied Ne0
- Outcome
- inorganic N (NO 3 ‐ + NH 4 + ) in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied N did not help to conserve OM, but increased inorganic N (NO 3 ‐ + NH 4 + ) in the soil”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Stover and manure increased water stable aggregation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- stover and manure treatmentse0
- Outcome
- water‐stable aggregatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of water‐stable aggregation was increased by stover and manure treatments”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual liquid poultry manure at 112 kg/ha nitrogen removed the need for fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Annual applications of liquid poultry manure, containing N equivalent to 112 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- precluded a requirement for fertilizer Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual applications of liquid poultry manure, containing N equivalent to 112 kg/ha, precluded a requirement for fertilizer N”
e1“preceding corn ( Zea mays L.) crop”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · soil: physics · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
82 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
89 papers more in this group
See all 93 papers →fertilization · soil: chemistry · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
302 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
335 papers more in this group
See all 339 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.