Paper · 1981 · Experimental Agriculture

A Field Technique for Separating Above- and Below-Ground Interactions in Intercropping: an Experiment With Pearl Millet/Groundnut

R. W. Willey; M. S. Reddy

8
claims
13
verbatim quotes
86
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

SUMMARY A field technique is described in which trenches were dug and vertical polythene partitions installed to eliminate below-ground interactions between component crops in intercropping. With pearl millet/groundnut the control intercrop (i.e. not dug out) gave a yield advantage of 22% compared with sole cropping. A treatment dug out but refilled without polythene partitions was very similar to the control intercrop, indicating that the digging procedure per se had little effect on growth. An intercrop treatment in which below-ground partitions were installed gave a yield advantage of 19% over sole cropping, suggesting that the main determinant of yield advantage was an above-ground interaction between the canopies. However, partitioning decreased millet yield and increased groundnut yield, indicating that below-ground interactions were important in determining the competitive balance of the two crops. It is concluded that the partitioning technique is promising.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The control intercrop of pearl millet/groundnut gave a yield advantage of 22% compared with sole cropping.

Taxon
pearl millet/groundnutArachis hypogaeaCenchrus americanuse0
Treatment
control intercrope0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
advantagee0
Value
22%e0
Comparator
sole croppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“With pearl millet/groundnut the control intercrop (i.e. not dug out) gave a yield advantage of 22% compared with sole cropping”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 191–317 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The treatment dug out but refilled without polythene partitions was very similar to the control intercrop, so digging per se had little effect on growth.

Taxon
pearl millet/groundnutArachis hypogaeaCenchrus americanuse1
Treatment
dug out but refilled without polythene partitionse0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
little effecte0
Comparator
control intercrope0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A treatment dug out but refilled without polythene partitions was very similar to the control intercrop, indicating that the digging procedure per se had little effect on growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 319–496 · show in text ↑
e1

“With pearl millet/groundnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 191–218 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The intercrop with below-ground partitions gave a yield advantage of 19% over sole cropping.

Taxon
pearl millet/groundnutArachis hypogaeaCenchrus americanuse1
Treatment
below-ground partitionse0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
advantagee0
Value
19%e0
Comparator
sole croppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“An intercrop treatment in which below-ground partitions were installed gave a yield advantage of 19% over sole cropping”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 498–617 · show in text ↑
e1

“With pearl millet/groundnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 191–218 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Partitioning decreased millet yield.

Taxon
millete0
Treatment
partitioninge0
Outcome
millet yielde0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“partitioning decreased millet yield and increased groundnut yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–803 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Partitioning increased groundnut yield.

Taxon
groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
Treatment
partitioninge0
Outcome
groundnut yielde0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“partitioning decreased millet yield and increased groundnut yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–803 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest the main determinant of the intercrop yield advantage was an above-ground interaction between the canopies.

Taxon
pearl millet/groundnutArachis hypogaeaCenchrus americanuse1
Outcome
yield advantagee0
Qualifier
above-ground interaction between the canopiese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“suggesting that the main determinant of yield advantage was an above-ground interaction between the canopies”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 619–727 · show in text ↑
e1

“With pearl millet/groundnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 191–218 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Below-ground interactions were important in determining the competitive balance of the two crops.

Taxon
pearl millet/groundnutArachis hypogaeaCenchrus americanuse1
Outcome
competitive balance of the two cropse0
Qualifier
below-ground interactionse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“below-ground interactions were important in determining the competitive balance of the two crops”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–917 · show in text ↑
e1

“With pearl millet/groundnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 191–218 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that the partitioning technique is promising.

Taxon
pearl millet/groundnutArachis hypogaeaCenchrus americanuse1
Outcome
the partitioning technique is promisinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the partitioning technique is promising”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 940–979 · show in text ↑
e1

“With pearl millet/groundnut”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 191–218 · show in text ↑

poly(ethylene) · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 8 positive, 1 negative or no effect

8 in the opposite direction

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  2. positive
  3. positive

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intercropping · yield · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Results differ

60 papers: 47 positive, 13 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

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intercropping · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

119 papers: 79 positive, 40 negative or no effect

78 papers in the same direction as this paper · 39 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

115 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.