Abstract
Abstract Treatments with conidia of Penicillium oxalicum produced in a solid‐state fermentation system were applied at similar densities (6 × 10 6 spores/g seedbed substrate) to tomato seedbeds in water suspensions (T1: 5 days before sowing, or T2: 7 days before transplanting; 15 days after sowing), or in mixture with the production substrate (T3: 7 days before transplanting; 15 days after sowing). Treatments T2 and T3 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced fusarium wilt of tomato in both greenhouse (artificial inoculation) (33 and 28%, respectively) and field conditions (naturally infested soils) (51 and 72%, respectively), while treatment T1 was efficient only in greenhouse (52%). Verticillium wilt disease reduction was obtained with T3 in two field experiments (56 and 46%, respectively), while T1 and T2 reduced disease only in one field experiment (52% for both T1 and T2). Treatment with conidia of P. oxalicum plus fermentation substrate (T3) resulted in better establishment of a stable and effective population of P. oxalicum in seedbed soil and rhizosphere providing populations of approx. 10 7 CFU/g soil before transplanting. Results indicate that it will be necessary to apply P. oxalicum at a rate of approx. 10 6 –10 7 CFU/g in seedbed substrate and rhizosphere before transplanting for effective control of fusarium and verticillium wilt of tomato, and that formulation of P. oxalicum has a substantial influence on its efficacy.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
T2 reduced fusarium wilt by 33% in greenhouse.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt of tomatoe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Treatments T2 and T3 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced fusarium wilt of tomato in both greenhouse (artificial inoculation) (33 and 28%, respectively) and field conditions (naturally infested soils) (51 and 72%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 reduced fusarium wilt by 28% in greenhouse.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt of tomatoe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Treatments T2 and T3 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced fusarium wilt of tomato in both greenhouse (artificial inoculation) (33 and 28%, respectively) and field conditions (naturally infested soils) (51 and 72%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 reduced fusarium wilt by 51% in field.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt of tomatoe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 51e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Treatments T2 and T3 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced fusarium wilt of tomato in both greenhouse (artificial inoculation) (33 and 28%, respectively) and field conditions (naturally infested soils) (51 and 72%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 reduced fusarium wilt by 72% in field.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- fusarium wilt of tomatoe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Treatments T2 and T3 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced fusarium wilt of tomato in both greenhouse (artificial inoculation) (33 and 28%, respectively) and field conditions (naturally infested soils) (51 and 72%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 reduced fusarium wilt by 52% only in greenhouse.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- efficiente0
- Direction
- efficiente0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“treatment T1 was efficient only in greenhouse (52%)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 reduced verticillium wilt in two field experiments by 56% and 46%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilt diseasee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 56 and 46%e0
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Verticillium wilt disease reduction was obtained with T3 in two field experiments (56 and 46%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 reduced verticillium wilt in one field experiment by 52%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“T1 and T2 reduced disease only in one field experiment (52% for both T1 and T2)”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 reduced verticillium wilt in one field experiment by 52%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Setting
- field experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“T1 and T2 reduced disease only in one field experiment (52% for both T1 and T2)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 improved stable Penicillium establishment in seedbed soil and rhizosphere to approximately 10 7 CFU/g.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- conidia of P. oxalicum plus fermentation substrate (T3)e0
- Outcome
- population of P. oxalicum in seedbed soil and rhizospheree0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Value
- approx. 10 7 CFU/g soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Treatment with conidia of P. oxalicum plus fermentation substrate (T3) resulted in better establishment of a stable and effective population of P. oxalicum in seedbed soil and rhizosphere providing populations of approx. 10 7 CFU/g soil before transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend approximately 10 6 –10 7 CFU/g before transplanting for effective wilt control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- apply P. oxalicum at a rate of approx. 10 6 –10 7 CFU/g in seedbed substrate and rhizosphere before transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“necessary to apply P. oxalicum at a rate of approx. 10 6 –10 7 CFU/g in seedbed substrate and rhizosphere before transplanting for effective control of fusarium and verticillium wilt of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The formulation of P. oxalicum substantially influenced control efficacy.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- formulation of P. oxalicume0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“formulation of P. oxalicum has a substantial influence on its efficacy”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →processing · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.