Abstract
Abstract Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer. Topping improved herbage quality when the seed head density on pastures was 1200‐ 2000/m 2 but it had no effect when the density was < 600/m 2 . The main effect of topping was to reduce pasture dead matter levels, which improved herbage nitrogen and digestibility. On a pasture containing 2000 seed heads/m 2 , topping reduced the dead matter content (including seed heads) during summer and autumn from 44 to 21–35% and increased the clover content from 6 to 11%. In a second trial where there were 1200 seed heads/m 2 , topping reduced dead matter during summer from 50 to 26–44% and increased clover content from 1 to 2.5%. Pasture quality was improved more by topping ryegrass inflorescences early (between mid emergence and flowering) than late (between the watery ripe and hard dough stages). There were only minimal improvements in pasture quality when pastures were topped more than once, and summer herbage quality was better when pastures during spring were set stocked rather than rotationally grazed. Total herbage accumulation was temporarily reduced after topping, whereas green pasture accumulation and vegetative tiller production were usually similar on topped and non‐topped pastures.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Topping improved herbage quality when seed head density was 1200-2000 seed heads/m2.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- Toppinge0
- Outcome
- herbage qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- seed head density on pastures was 1200‐ 2000/m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topping improved herbage quality when the seed head density on pastures was 1200‐ 2000/m 2 but it had no effect when the density was < 600/m 2”
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping had no effect on herbage quality when seed head density was below 600 seed heads/m2.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- Toppinge0
- Outcome
- herbage qualitye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- the density was < 600/m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topping improved herbage quality when the seed head density on pastures was 1200‐ 2000/m 2 but it had no effect when the density was < 600/m 2”
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping reduced dead matter content in summer and autumn on a pasture with 2000 seed heads/m2, from 44% to 21-35%.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- toppinge2
- Outcome
- dead matter contente2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 44 to 21–35%e2
- Qualifier
- 2000 seed heads/m 2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e2“topping reduced the dead matter content (including seed heads) during summer and autumn from 44 to 21–35%”
e3“On a pasture containing 2000 seed heads/m 2 , topping reduced the dead matter content”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping increased clover content from 6% to 11% on a pasture with 2000 seed heads/m2.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- toppinge3
- Outcome
- clover contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6 to 11%e4
- Qualifier
- 2000 seed heads/m 2e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e3“On a pasture containing 2000 seed heads/m 2 , topping reduced the dead matter content”
e4“and increased the clover content from 6 to 11%”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping reduced dead matter during summer from 50% to 26-44% on a pasture with 1200 seed heads/m2.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- toppinge5
- Outcome
- dead mattere5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 50 to 26–44%e5
- Qualifier
- 1200 seed heads/m 2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e5“In a second trial where there were 1200 seed heads/m 2 , topping reduced dead matter during summer from 50 to 26–44% and increased clover content from 1 to 2.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping increased clover content from 1% to 2.5% on a pasture with 1200 seed heads/m2.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- toppinge5
- Outcome
- clover contente6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 1 to 2.5%e6
- Qualifier
- 1200 seed heads/m 2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e5“In a second trial where there were 1200 seed heads/m 2 , topping reduced dead matter during summer from 50 to 26–44% and increased clover content from 1 to 2.5%”
e6“and increased clover content from 1 to 2.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping ryegrass inflorescences early (between mid emergence and flowering) improved pasture quality more than late topping (between watery ripe and hard dough stages).
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- ryegrass inflorescencese7
- Treatment
- topping ryegrass inflorescences earlye7
- Outcome
- Pasture qualitye7
- Direction
- improved moree7
- Comparator
- late (between the watery ripe and hard dough stages)e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e7“Pasture quality was improved more by topping ryegrass inflorescences early (between mid emergence and flowering) than late (between the watery ripe and hard dough stages)”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping more than once gave only minimal improvements in pasture quality.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- topped more than oncee2
- Outcome
- pasture qualitye2
- Direction
- minimal improvementse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e2“There were only minimal improvements in pasture quality when pastures were topped more than once”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer herbage quality was better when pastures were set stocked in spring than when rotationally grazed.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- set stockede2
- Outcome
- summer herbage qualitye2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- rather than rotationally grazede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e2“summer herbage quality was better when pastures during spring were set stocked rather than rotationally grazed”
Claim · model-written summary
Total herbage accumulation was temporarily reduced after topping.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- toppinge2
- Outcome
- Total herbage accumulatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- temporarilye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e2“Total herbage accumulation was temporarily reduced after topping”
Claim · model-written summary
Green pasture accumulation and vegetative tiller production were usually similar on topped and non-topped pastures.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- toppede2
- Outcome
- green pasture accumulation and vegetative tiller productione2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- non‐topped pasturese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Three trials examined the accumulation and quality of ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)‐ white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) pastures mechanically topped at various stages of flowering during summer”
e2“green pasture accumulation and vegetative tiller production were usually similar on topped and non‐topped pastures”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.