Abstract
Abstract Root growth of seedlings of old and new winter wheat cultivars and a spelt wheat at varying levels of nitrogen Root growth of five old (time period 1882–1920) and five new (time period 1975–1982) winter wheal cultivars and a spelt winter wheat cultivar was investigated in two greenhouse trials. Nitrogen (NH 4 NO 3 ) was supplied at six (Exp. I) and two (Exp. II) levels (sub‐ to supraoptimal for shoot growth). The seedlings were grown in sand‐filled polyethylene tubes of 4.5 cm diameter and 50 cm length at 20 o C. The plants were harvested 11 (Exp. I) and 12 (Exp. II) days after emergence. At this early stage of development root growth o: old and new cultivars differed only slightly. The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots. The longest roots of the modern cultivars penetrated into deeper layers of the substrate. For some traits, cultivar: seemed to respond specifically to the varying N‐supply. However, there were no significant difference: between old and new cultivars. Neither were old cultivars better adapted to low N‐fertilization nor were modern cultivars superior in tolerating toxic concentrations of NH 4 NO 3 . Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area. The number of apices was affected only to a very small degree.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth did not differ significantly between old and new winter wheat cultivars.
Verbatim
e1“However, there were no significant difference: between old and new cultivars”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Old wheat cultivars had more seminal roots.
Verbatim
e1“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest roots of modern wheat cultivars penetrated into deeper layers of the substrate.
Verbatim
e1“The longest roots of the modern cultivars penetrated into deeper layers of the substrate”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply declined root dry matter.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply increased the shoot/root ratio of dry weight.
- Taxon
- T. aestivume2
- Treatment
- Increasing N supplye1
- Outcome
- shoot/root ratio of dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply decreased the number of seminal roots.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply shortened the axes of wheat roots.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply produced more laterals.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply increased the diameter of the laterals.
- Taxon
- T. aestivume2
- Treatment
- Increasing N supplye1
- Outcome
- diameter of the lateralse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply increased the density of laterals.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply declined the root surface area.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N supply affected the number of root apices only to a very small degree.
- Taxon
- T. aestivume3
- Treatment
- Increasing N supplye2
- Outcome
- number of apicese1
- Direction
- affected only to a very small degreee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The number of apices was affected only to a very small degree”
e2“Increasing N supply changes root growth as follows: decline in root dry matter, increase in shoot/root ratio of dry weight, decrease in number of seminal roots, shortening of axes and more laterals, increase in diameter of the laterals and less significantly of the main roots, increase in density of laterals, decline in root surface area”
e3“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Modern wheat cultivars were not superior to old cultivars in tolerating toxic concentrations of NH 4 NO 3.
Verbatim
e1“Neither were old cultivars better adapted to low N‐fertilization nor were modern cultivars superior in tolerating toxic concentrations of NH 4 NO 3”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Old wheat cultivars were not better adapted to low N fertilization.
Verbatim
e1“Neither were old cultivars better adapted to low N‐fertilization nor were modern cultivars superior in tolerating toxic concentrations of NH 4 NO 3”
e2“The old T. aestivum cultivars had more seminal roots”