Abstract
Conditioning and conservation methods may interact with polyphenols to alter forage crude protein (CP) solubility and degradability. In this study, forages with ∼200 g CP kg −1 dry matter were roll conditioned or macerated, conserved as hay or silage, and then analyzed for CP fractions. Shifting from roll conditioning to maceration of polyphenol‐free alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) reduced buffer soluble protein (SP) with little effect on protease rumen‐undegradable protein (RUP) and intestinal available protein (IAP, RUP minus acid‐detergent insoluble CP). In birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), condensed tannin (CT) and maceration independently reduced SP and increased RUP to yield up to 62% more IAP in hay and 145% more IAP in silage than alfalfa. Based on results with trefoil, roll‐conditioned forage with 70 to 120 g CT kg −1 CP or macerated forage with more modest CT levels should meet a 350 g RUP kg −1 CP target to support 35 kg d −1 milk yield by cattle. In roll‐conditioned red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), o ‐quinones formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa. Surprisingly, maceration reduced SP, RUP, and IAP in clover. Following maceration, RUP and IAP in conserved clover and trefoil responded similarly to CT, suggesting that maceration disabled o ‐quinone protection of protein substrates. Although red clover has high RUP, low reported milk yields indicate o ‐quinones might depress IAP.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Maceration instead of roll conditioning reduced buffer soluble protein in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae2 - Treatment
- maceratione5
- Outcome
- buffer soluble protein (SP)e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- roll conditioninge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e5“Shifting from roll conditioning to maceration”
e1“reduced buffer soluble protein (SP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maceration had little effect on rumen-undegradable protein and intestinal available protein of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae2
- Treatment
- maceratione5
- Outcome
- RUPe3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- little effecte4
- Comparator
- roll conditioninge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
e5“Shifting from roll conditioning to maceration”
e3“(RUP) and intestinal available protein (IAP”
e4“little effect on protease”
Claim · model-written summary
In birdsfoot trefoil, condensed tannin and maceration independently reduced buffer soluble protein.
- Taxon
- birdsfoot trefoile6
- Treatment
- condensed tannin (CT) and maceratione6
- Outcome
- SPe6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“In birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), condensed tannin (CT) and maceration independently reduced SP and increased RUP to yield up to 62% more IAP in hay and 145% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
In birdsfoot trefoil, condensed tannin and maceration increased rumen-undegradable protein.
- Taxon
- birdsfoot trefoile6
- Treatment
- condensed tannin (CT) and maceratione6
- Outcome
- RUPe6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e6“In birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), condensed tannin (CT) and maceration independently reduced SP and increased RUP to yield up to 62% more IAP in hay and 145% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Birdsfoot trefoil hay gave up to 62% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
Verbatim
e6“In birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), condensed tannin (CT) and maceration independently reduced SP and increased RUP to yield up to 62% more IAP in hay and 145% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Birdsfoot trefoil silage gave 145% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
Verbatim
e6“In birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), condensed tannin (CT) and maceration independently reduced SP and increased RUP to yield up to 62% more IAP in hay and 145% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Macerated forage with more modest condensed tannin levels should meet a 350 g RUP per kg CP target.
Verbatim
e7“macerated forage with more modest CT levels should meet a 350 g RUP”
Claim · model-written summary
In red clover, polyphenol oxidase-formed o-quinones reduced buffer soluble protein.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- formed by polyphenol oxidasee1
- Outcome
- SPe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.)”
e1“formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
In red clover, polyphenol oxidase-formed o-quinones increased rumen-undegradable protein.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- formed by polyphenol oxidasee1
- Outcome
- RUPe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.)”
e1“formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover hay gave 50% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- formed by polyphenol oxidasee1
- Outcome
- IAPe1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Comparator
- alfalfae1
- Setting
- haye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.)”
e1“formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover silage gave 88% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- formed by polyphenol oxidasee1
- Outcome
- IAPe1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 88%e1
- Comparator
- alfalfae1
- Setting
- silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.)”
e1“formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Maceration reduced soluble protein, rumen-undegradable protein and intestinal available protein in clover.
TrifoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Surprisingly, maceration reduced SP, RUP, and IAP in clover”
Claim · model-written summary
After maceration, RUP and IAP in conserved clover and trefoil responded similarly to condensed tannin.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e3“RUP and IAP in conserved clover and trefoil responded similarly to CT”
The same questions in other papers
processing · quality: protein · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.