Abstract
Many people living in developing countries depend on diets based on cereal staples. Such diets lack diversity, which may result in micronutrient deficiencies. A complementary food made from cereals is often low in mineral content and contains ignificant quantities of mineral absorption inhibitors like phytic acid and condensed tannins. Anti-nutritional factors are plant constituents, which play an important role in humans, reducing the digestibility of nutrients and the absorption of minerals.Infant malnutrition due to nutritionally inadequate diets is one of the major concerns in Ethiopia. Children in rural Ethiopia are especially prone to micronutrient deficiencies as they eat from the family dish, which is predominantly plant-based. The main objective of this study is, therefore, to investigate the effect of germination on bioavailability of minerals of sorghum-based complementary foods. Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected, cleaned, soaked for 22 hours at room temperature (22±20C) and germinated for 36 and 48 hours at the soaking temperature. The germinated seeds were dried at 550C for 24 hours and the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours to facilitate milling. Both ungerminated and germinated sorghum grains weremilled into a homogeneous fine powder.Germination of sorghum grainsfor 36 and 48 hours decreased phytic acid levels (mg/100g) significantly (p<0.05) for variety 76T1#23 from 399.12 to 255.66 and 190.11, and from 464.94 to 293.18 and 203.76for variety Meko, respectively. During germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours, molar ratio of phytate: iron was decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 4.12 to 2.06 and 1.35 for variety 76T1#23, and from 5.49 to 2.35 and 1.58 for variety Meko, respectively. Similarly, germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours decreased significantly (p<0.05) phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum flour from 21.18 to 12.76 and 9.31 for variety 76T1#23; and from 25.72 to 15.54 and 10.64 for variety Meko, respectively. In contrast, germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours increased significantly (p<0.05) the contents of total phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorous, iron, zinc and calcium.Hence, germination appeared to be a promising food processing method to improve bioavailabilityof mineralsand to decrease phytate levels, and therefore to decrease deficiencies of minerals in infants.Key words: Germination, anti-nutritional factors, mineralbio-availability
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Germination for 36 and 48 hours decreased phytic acid in sorghum variety 76T1#23 from 399.12 to 255.66 and 190.11 mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolore1 - Material
- variety 76T1#23e3
- Treatment
- Germination of sorghum grainse3
- Outcome
- phytic acid levelse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 399.12 to 255.66 and 190.11e3
- Qualifier
- 36 and 48 hourse3
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e3“Germination of sorghum grainsfor 36 and 48 hours decreased phytic acid levels (mg/100g) significantly (p<0.05) for variety 76T1#23 from 399.12 to 255.66 and 190.11, and from 464.94 to 293.18 and 203.76for variety Meko, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased the phytate:iron molar ratio in variety 76T1#23 from 4.12 to 2.06 and 1.35.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- variety 76T1#23e4
- Treatment
- germination of sorghum grainse4
- Outcome
- molar ratio of phytate: irone4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 4.12 to 2.06 and 1.35e4
- Qualifier
- 36 and 48 hourse4
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e4“During germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours, molar ratio of phytate: iron was decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 4.12 to 2.06 and 1.35 for variety 76T1#23, and from 5.49 to 2.35 and 1.58 for variety Meko, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased phytic acid in variety Meko from 464.94 to 293.18 and 203.76 mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- variety Mekoe3
- Treatment
- Germination of sorghum grainse3
- Outcome
- phytic acid levelse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 464.94 to 293.18 and 203.76e3
- Qualifier
- 36 and 48 hourse3
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e3“Germination of sorghum grainsfor 36 and 48 hours decreased phytic acid levels (mg/100g) significantly (p<0.05) for variety 76T1#23 from 399.12 to 255.66 and 190.11, and from 464.94 to 293.18 and 203.76for variety Meko, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased the phytate:iron molar ratio in variety Meko from 5.49 to 2.35 and 1.58.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- variety Mekoe4
- Treatment
- germination of sorghum grainse4
- Outcome
- molar ratio of phytate: irone4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 5.49 to 2.35 and 1.58e4
- Qualifier
- 36 and 48 hourse4
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e4“During germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours, molar ratio of phytate: iron was decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 4.12 to 2.06 and 1.35 for variety 76T1#23, and from 5.49 to 2.35 and 1.58 for variety Meko, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased the phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum flour in variety 76T1#23 from 21.18 to 12.76 and 9.31.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- variety 76T1#23e5
- Treatment
- germination of sorghum grainse5
- Outcome
- phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum floure5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 21.18 to 12.76 and 9.31e5
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e5“Similarly, germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours decreased significantly (p<0.05) phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum flour from 21.18 to 12.76 and 9.31 for variety 76T1#23; and from 25.72 to 15.54 and 10.64 for variety Meko, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased the phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum flour in variety Meko from 25.72 to 15.54 and 10.64.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Material
- variety Mekoe5
- Treatment
- germination of sorghum grainse5
- Outcome
- phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum floure5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 25.72 to 15.54 and 10.64e5
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e5“Similarly, germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours decreased significantly (p<0.05) phytate:zinc molar ratio of sorghum flour from 21.18 to 12.76 and 9.31 for variety 76T1#23; and from 25.72 to 15.54 and 10.64 for variety Meko, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased the contents of total phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorus and iron in sorghum grain.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- germination of sorghum grainse6
- Outcome
- contents of total phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorous, irone6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e6“In contrast, germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours increased significantly (p<0.05) the contents of total phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorous, iron, zinc and calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased the contents of zinc and calcium in sorghum grain.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- germination of sorghum grainse6
- Outcome
- zinc and calciume6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- ungerminated sorghum seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e2“the ungerminated sorghum seeds were also dried at 550C for 2 hours”
e6“In contrast, germination of sorghum grains for 36 and 48 hours increased significantly (p<0.05) the contents of total phosphorus, non-phytate phosphorous, iron, zinc and calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination is a promising food processing method to improve mineral bioavailability and decrease phytate in sorghum.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Outcome
- promising food processing methode7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grains (varieties 76T1#23 and Meko) were collected”
e7“Hence, germination appeared to be a promising food processing method to improve bioavailabilityof mineralsand to decrease phytate levels, and therefore to decrease deficiencies of minerals in infants”
The same questions in other papers
Sorghum · molecular: metabolites · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Sorghum · nutrient: content · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
processing · molecular: metabolites · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
processing · nutrient: content · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.