Abstract
Isolates of Verticillium dahliae from cocoa (four Brazilian and one Ugandan) were screened against cocoa, aubergine, tomato, cotton, and pepper. Isolates originating from hosts other than cocoa were also inoculated. In general, all inoculated crops were systemically invaded by isolates from cocoa. Isolates from each host tended to be more aggressive on their original host. All isolates from cocoa were pathogenic to cocoa, but exhibited various degrees of aggressiveness to other crops. They induced severe symptoms on aubergine, but few symptoms on tomato, although colonization occurred up to the stem apex in both cases. Likewise, symptomless invasion of pepper was found with some Brazilian isolates. The Ugandan isolate was significantly more aggressive on cotton and pepper than the Brazilian isolates. A Brazilian isolate from cocoa from the State of Bahia was also used to inoculate 12 common weed species from the same geographical area. Four species showed wilt symptoms, while V. dahliae was readily recovered from the stems of a further four species. The role of alternative hosts on disease spread in cocoa growing areas is discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa isolates systemically invaded inoculated crops.
- Taxon
- cocoa
Theobroma cacaot0 - Outcome
- systemically invadede0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all inoculated crops were systemically invaded by isolates from cocoa”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates tended to be more aggressive on their source hosts.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- more aggressivee0
- Direction
- more aggressivee0
- Comparator
- their original hoste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates from each host tended to be more aggressive on their original host”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
All cocoa isolates were pathogenic to cocoa.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaoe0
- Outcome
- pathogenic to cocoae0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All isolates from cocoa were pathogenic to cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa isolates varied in aggressiveness on other crops.
- Taxon
- cocoaTheobroma cacaot0
- Outcome
- various degrees of aggressivenesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exhibited various degrees of aggressiveness to other crops”
t0“cocoa”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa isolates caused severe symptoms in aubergine.
- Taxon
- aubergine
Solanum melongenat0 - Outcome
- severe symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They induced severe symptoms on aubergine”
t0“aubergine, tomato, cotton, and pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa isolates caused few symptoms in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- few symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“few symptoms on tomato”
t0“aubergine, tomato, cotton, and pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa isolates colonized aubergine and tomato up to the stem apex.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- colonization occurred up to the stem apexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“colonization occurred up to the stem apex in both cases”
t0“aubergine, tomato, cotton, and pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Brazilian isolates invaded pepper without symptoms.
Verbatim
e0“symptomless invasion of pepper was found with some Brazilian isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ugandan isolate was more aggressive on cotton than Brazilian isolates.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Material
- The Ugandan isolatee0
- Outcome
- aggressivee0
- Direction
- more aggressivee0
- Comparator
- the Brazilian isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ugandan isolate was significantly more aggressive on cotton and pepper than the Brazilian isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
The Ugandan isolate was more aggressive on pepper than Brazilian isolates.
Verbatim
e0“The Ugandan isolate was significantly more aggressive on cotton and pepper than the Brazilian isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Four weed species developed wilt symptoms.
Verbatim
e0“Four species showed wilt symptoms”
t0“12 common weed species”
Claim · model-written summary
Verticillium was recovered from four further weed species.
Verbatim
e0“V. dahliae was readily recovered from the stems of a further four species”
t0“12 common weed species”