Abstract
BACKGROUND: The cellulose synthase and cellulose synthase-like gene superfamily (CESA/CSL) is proposed to encode enzymes for cellulose and non-cellulosic matrix polysaccharide synthesis in plants. Although the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome has been sequenced for a few years, the global expression profiling patterns and functions of the OsCESA/CSL superfamily remain largely unknown. RESULTS: A total of 45 identified members of OsCESA/CSL were classified into two clusters based on phylogeny and motif constitution. Duplication events contributed largely to the expansion of this superfamily, with Cluster I and II mainly attributed to tandem and segmental duplication, respectively. With microarray data of 33 tissue samples covering the entire life cycle of rice, fairly high OsCESA gene expression and rather variable OsCSL expression were observed. While some members from each CSL family (A1, C9, D2, E1, F6 and H1) were expressed in all tissues examined, many of OsCSL genes were expressed in specific tissues (stamen and radicles). The expression pattern of OsCESA/CSL and OsBC1L which extensively co-expressed with OsCESA/CSL can be divided into three major groups with ten subgroups, each showing a distinct co-expression in tissues representing typically distinct cell wall constitutions. In particular, OsCESA1, -3 & -8 and OsCESA4, -7 & -9 were strongly co-expressed in tissues typical of primary and secondary cell walls, suggesting that they form as a cellulose synthase complex; these results are similar to the findings in Arabidopsis. OsCESA5/OsCESA6 is likely partially redundant with OsCESA3 for OsCESA complex organization in the specific tissues (plumule and radicle). Moreover, the phylogenetic comparison in rice, Arabidopsis and other species can provide clues for the prediction of orthologous gene expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The study characterized the CESA/CSL of rice using an integrated approach comprised of phylogeny, transcriptional profiling and co-expression analyses. These investigations revealed very useful clues on the major roles of CESA/CSL, their potentially functional complement and their associations for appropriate cell wall synthesis in higher plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-five OsCESA/CSL members formed two clusters.
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e0“A total of 45 identified members of OsCESA/CSL were classified into two clusters based on phylogeny and motif constitution.”
Claim · model-written summary
Duplication events largely expanded the superfamily.
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e0“Duplication events contributed largely to the expansion of this superfamily”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster I was mainly attributed to tandem duplication.
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e0“Cluster I and II mainly attributed to tandem and segmental duplication, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster II was mainly attributed to segmental duplication.
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e0“Cluster I and II mainly attributed to tandem and segmental duplication, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCESA expression was fairly high.
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e0“fairly high OsCESA gene expression and rather variable OsCSL expression were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCSL expression varied considerably.
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e0“fairly high OsCESA gene expression and rather variable OsCSL expression were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some CSL family members were expressed in all examined tissues.
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e0“some members from each CSL family (A1, C9, D2, E1, F6 and H1) were expressed in all tissues examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Many OsCSL genes were tissue-specific in stamen and radicles.
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e0“many of OsCSL genes were expressed in specific tissues (stamen and radicles).”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCESA/CSL and OsBC1L expression separated into three major groups and ten subgroups.
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e0“The expression pattern of OsCESA/CSL and OsBC1L which extensively co-expressed with OsCESA/CSL can be divided into three major groups with ten subgroups”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCESA1, -3 and -8 were strongly coexpressed in primary-wall tissues.
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e0“OsCESA1, -3 & -8 and OsCESA4, -7 & -9 were strongly co-expressed in tissues typical of primary and secondary cell walls”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCESA4, -7 and -9 were strongly coexpressed in secondary-wall tissues.
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e0“OsCESA1, -3 & -8 and OsCESA4, -7 & -9 were strongly co-expressed in tissues typical of primary and secondary cell walls”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCESA5/OsCESA6 likely partially overlaps OsCESA3 function in plumule and radicle.
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e0“OsCESA5/OsCESA6 is likely partially redundant with OsCESA3 for OsCESA complex organization in the specific tissues (plumule and radicle).”