Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which different morphological and reproductive characteristics of a critically endangered, Himalayan herb (Inula racemosa) varied along an altitudinal gradient. To this end, seven populations growing at different altitudes (1595 - 2800 m asl) across the Kashmir Himalaya were assessed. ANOVA expressed significant differences (P=0.05) in all growth parameters as a function of altitude. The highest difference between the populations was apparent in the stem height and in all populations patterns in the foliar and floral number and dimensions closely followed those in plant height. In four out of the seven populations, significant variation in floret number per head was detected among plants within all seven populations. Only 19-34% of variation was found within plants and in contrast 38-72% variation was found among plants. As compared to total ovule number per capitulum the species show low percentage of reproductive success (59-72% seed set). However, increasing altitude resulted in a decrease in relative and absolute allocation of biomass to reproductive structures in the form of decreasing dry weight of individual capitula as well as in the form of absolute declining of total number of capitula produced. There was also a trend for increased relative allocation to below-ground rhizome with increasing altitude, even though altitude did not affect absolute allocation to below-ground and vegetative structures. Key words: Altitude, floral sex ratio, growth, Inula racemosa, phenotypic variability, reproductive success.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Growth parameters differed significantly with altitude.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosa
Inula racemosat0 - Outcome
- all growth parameterse0
- Setting
- altitudee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ANOVA expressed significant differences (P=0.05) in all growth parameters as a function of altitude.”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem height showed the largest difference among populations.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- stem heighte0
- Direction
- highest differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest difference between the populations was apparent in the stem height”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar and floral numbers and dimensions followed plant height patterns.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- foliar and floral number and dimensionse0
- Comparator
- plant heighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in all populations patterns in the foliar and floral number and dimensions closely followed those in plant height.”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Floret number varied significantly among plants in four populations.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- floret number per heade0
- Value
- four out of the seven populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In four out of the seven populations, significant variation in floret number per head was detected among plants within all seven populations.”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Within-plant variation was 19–34%.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- variatione0
- Value
- 19-34%e0
- Qualifier
- within plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only 19-34% of variation was found within plants”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Among-plant variation was 38–72%.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- variatione0
- Value
- 38-72%e0
- Qualifier
- among plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“38-72% variation was found among plants”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed set was 59–72% of ovules per capitulum.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- seed sete0
- Value
- 59-72%e0
- Comparator
- total ovule number per capitulume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to total ovule number per capitulum the species show low percentage of reproductive success (59-72% seed set).”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual capitulum dry weight decreased with increasing altitude.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- dry weight of individual capitulae0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Setting
- altitudee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing altitude resulted in a decrease in relative and absolute allocation of biomass to reproductive structures in the form of decreasing dry weight of individual capitula”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Total capitula number declined with increasing altitude.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- total number of capitula producede0
- Direction
- declininge0
- Setting
- altitudee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing altitude resulted in a decrease in relative and absolute allocation of biomass to reproductive structures in the form of decreasing dry weight of individual capitula as well as in the form of absolute declining of total number of capitula produced.”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative allocation to rhizomes tended to increase with altitude.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- relative allocation to below-ground rhizomee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- altitudee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also a trend for increased relative allocation to below-ground rhizome with increasing altitude”
t0“Inula racemosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Altitude did not affect absolute allocation to below-ground and vegetative structures.
- Taxon
- Inula racemosaInula racemosat0
- Outcome
- absolute allocation to below-ground and vegetative structurese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- altitudee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altitude did not affect absolute allocation to below-ground and vegetative structures.”
t0“Inula racemosa”