Abstract
Severe infection with Septoria tritici occurred in four of five experiments designed to create a series of different disease epidemics. These experiments successfully identified periods suitable for infection. They also indicated the effect of sprays, timed before and after these periods, on disease development and yield. Analysis of disease progress and weather records suggested that critical conditions for initial development of S. tritici occurred during early May at four sites. Heavy rain giving at least 10 mm on 1 day or a total of 10 mm or more on 2 or 3 successive days occurred at all four sites prior to the appearance of symptoms on a particular leaf layer, though less heavy rain may suffice to splash inoculum onto upper leaves in shorter, immature canopies where stem elongation is incomplete. At the fifth site, infection occurred later in May and disease failed to develop to a significant degree. At all sites, the length of the incubation period on any of the top three leaves was found to be between 396 and 496 degree days. Control of winter epidemics of S. tritici had little effect on yield, whereas spray sequences commencing later than growth stage (GS) 31 but immediately prior to the critical periods provided the best disease control and yield benefit. Regression models incorporating, as independent variables, area under the S. tritici disease progress curve for any of the top three leaves from their emergence (GS 32‐37) satisfactorily explained yield loss at the four sites where disease was severe. Consideration of leaf 2 or leaf 3 alone accounted for more than 82% of the variance at each site and a yield loss from infection of leaf 2 related to thermal time is suggested as 0.00265% per C per day from the appearance of symptoms.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Critical conditions for initial development of S. tritici occurred in early May at four sites.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- S. tritici
Zymoseptoria triticie1pathogen - Outcome
- initial development of S. triticie1
- Setting
- four sitese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“critical conditions for initial development of S. tritici occurred during early May at four sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy rain of at least 10 mm occurred at all four sites before symptoms appeared.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Heavy rain giving at least 10 mm on 1 daye1
- Value
- 10 mme1
- Setting
- all four sitese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“Heavy rain giving at least 10 mm on 1 day or a total of 10 mm or more on 2 or 3 successive days occurred at all four sites prior to the appearance of symptoms on a particular leaf layer”
Claim · model-written summary
At the fifth site disease failed to develop to a significant degree.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- disease failed to develop to a significant degreee1
- Setting
- fifth sitee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“At the fifth site, infection occurred later in May and disease failed to develop to a significant degree”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe infection with Septoria tritici occurred in four of five experiments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Septoria triticiZymoseptoria triticie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Severe infectione1
- Setting
- four of five experimentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“Severe infection with Septoria tritici occurred in four of five experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of winter epidemics of S. tritici had little effect on yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Control of winter epidemics of S. triticie1
- Interactor
- S. triticiZymoseptoria triticie1pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- little effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“Control of winter epidemics of S. tritici had little effect on yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray sequences starting after GS 31 but just before the critical periods gave the best disease control and yield benefit.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- spray sequences commencing later than growth stage (GS) 31 but immediately prior to the critical periodse1
- Outcome
- disease control and yield benefite1
- Direction
- beste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“spray sequences commencing later than growth stage (GS) 31 but immediately prior to the critical periods provided the best disease control and yield benefit”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression models with S. tritici disease progress area satisfactorily explained yield loss at the four sites where disease was severe.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- area under the S. tritici disease progress curvee1
- Interactor
- S. triticiZymoseptoria triticie1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield losse2
- Setting
- the four sites where disease was severee2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“Regression models incorporating, as independent variables, area under the S. tritici disease progress curve”
e2“satisfactorily explained yield loss at the four sites where disease was severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf 2 or leaf 3 alone accounted for more than 82% of the variance at each site.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf 2 or leaf 3e1
- Outcome
- variancee1
- Value
- more than 82%e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“Consideration of leaf 2 or leaf 3 alone accounted for more than 82% of the variance at each site”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield loss from infection of leaf 2 is suggested to be 0.00265% per C per day of thermal time from symptom appearance.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf 2e1
- Treatment
- thermal timee1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Value
- 0.00265% per C per daye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“a yield loss from infection of leaf 2 related to thermal time is suggested as 0.00265% per C per day from the appearance of symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
The experiments identified periods suitable for S. tritici infection in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- periods suitable for infectione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Septoria tritici in winter wheat”
e1“These experiments successfully identified periods suitable for infection”
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.