Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticide effect of watery leaf extracts of Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae), alcoholic leaf extracts of Copaifera langsdorffii (Caesalpinaceae) and Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae) in the concentration of 5% under field conditions. The experiment design was randomized blocks with six replications. The parcels treated with plant extracts showed reduction in the population of pests when compared with the control parcels. The extract elaborated with C. langsdorffii presented greater insecticidal effect under Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and sum of pests. It was verified that after 24 hours of spraying, the parcels treated with the extract of C. ambrosioides presented minor numbers of adults of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), followed by the parcels treated with extract of R. graveolens. There were smaller numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids) in the parcels that had received spraying with extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides, followed by R. graveolens, compared to the control. There were a smaller number of parasitoids from the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) attacking caterpillars of T. absoluta in plants treated with R. graveolens, followed by C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides than in the control.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts reduced the population of pests in tomato compared with control parcels.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- plant extractse0
- Outcome
- population of pestse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- control parcelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e0“The parcels treated with plant extracts showed reduction in the population of pests when compared with the control parcels”
Claim · model-written summary
The C. langsdorffii extract had a greater insecticidal effect on Bemisia tabaci in tomato than the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extract elaborated with C. langsdorffiie1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie1pest - Outcome
- insecticidal effect under Bemisia tabacie1
- Direction
- greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e1“The extract elaborated with C. langsdorffii presented greater insecticidal effect under Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and sum of pests”
Claim · model-written summary
The C. langsdorffii extract had a greater insecticidal effect on the sum of pests in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extract elaborated with C. langsdorffiie1
- Outcome
- sum of pestse1
- Direction
- greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e1“The extract elaborated with C. langsdorffii presented greater insecticidal effect under Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and sum of pests”
Claim · model-written summary
After 24 hours, C. ambrosioides extract left minor numbers of adults of Tuta absoluta in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extract of C. ambrosioidese2
- Interactor
- Tuta absoluta
.jpg?width=60)
Tuta absolutae2pest - Outcome
- adults of Tuta absolutae2
- Direction
- minore2
- Qualifier
- after 24 hours of sprayinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e2“It was verified that after 24 hours of spraying, the parcels treated with the extract of C. ambrosioides presented minor numbers of adults of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), followed by the parcels treated with extract of R. graveolens”
Claim · model-written summary
After 24 hours, R. graveolens extract left the next-lowest numbers of adults of Tuta absoluta in tomato, after C. ambrosioides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extract of R. graveolense2
- Interactor
- Tuta absolutaTuta absolutae2pest
- Outcome
- adults of Tuta absolutae2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Qualifier
- after 24 hours of sprayinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e2“It was verified that after 24 hours of spraying, the parcels treated with the extract of C. ambrosioides presented minor numbers of adults of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), followed by the parcels treated with extract of R. graveolens”
Claim · model-written summary
C. langsdorffii extract led to smaller numbers of Trichogramma sp. parasitoid eggs in tomato than the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffiie3
- Interactor
- Trichogramma sp.
%2C_photo_was_taken_by_Dr_Victor_Fursov.jpg?width=60)
Trichogrammae3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp.e3
- Direction
- smallere3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_photo_was_taken_by_Dr_Victor_Fursov.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e3“There were smaller numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids) in the parcels that had received spraying with extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides, followed by R. graveolens, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
C. ambrosioides extract led to smaller numbers of Trichogramma sp. parasitoid eggs in tomato than the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- C. ambrosioidese3
- Interactor
- Trichogramma sp.Trichogrammae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp.e3
- Direction
- smallere3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e3“There were smaller numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids) in the parcels that had received spraying with extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides, followed by R. graveolens, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
C. langsdorffii extract led to smaller numbers of natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) in tomato than the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffiie3
- Outcome
- sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids)e3
- Direction
- smallere3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e3“There were smaller numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids) in the parcels that had received spraying with extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides, followed by R. graveolens, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
C. ambrosioides extract led to smaller numbers of natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) in tomato than the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- C. ambrosioidese3
- Outcome
- sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids)e3
- Direction
- smallere3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e3“There were smaller numbers of parasitoid eggs of lepidopterans Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and sum of natural enemies (predators + parasitoids) in the parcels that had received spraying with extracts from the plants of C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides, followed by R. graveolens, compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
R. graveolens extract led to fewer Eulophidae parasitoids attacking Tuta absoluta caterpillars in tomato than the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- R. graveolense4
- Interactor
- EulophidaeEulophidaee4biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- T. absolutaTuta absolutae4pest
- Outcome
- number of parasitoids from the family Eulophidaee4
- Direction
- smallere4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in commercial tomato plantation”
e4“There were a smaller number of parasitoids from the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) attacking caterpillars of T. absoluta in plants treated with R. graveolens, followed by C. langsdorffii and C. ambrosioides than in the control”
The same questions in other papers
Copaifera langsdorffii · Bemisia tabaci · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Copaifera langsdorffii · pest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Dysphania ambrosioides · Tuta absoluta · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Copaifera langsdorffii · Trichogramma · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Dysphania ambrosioides · Trichogramma · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Copaifera langsdorffii · ecology: diversity · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Dysphania ambrosioides · ecology: diversity · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Ruta graveolens · Eulophidae · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.