Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-7 (GLRaV-7) was transmitted from an Albanian grapevine accession to Tetragonia expansa by the parasitic dodder Cuscuta reflexa and to Nicotiana occidentalis by Cuscuta europea. Cuscuta campestris was infected by GLRaV-7 but could not transfer the virus to an experimental host. Transmission of the virus was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from total nucleic acid (TNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extracts from all five plant species. DsRNA extractions separated on agarose gels showed strong visible bands corresponding to high-molecular-weight virus genome and to subgenomic RNA. GLRaV-7 was maintained in C. reflexa, C. campestris, T. expansa, and N. occidentalis for more than 4 years. Infected T. expansa and the Cuscuta species remained symptomless while N. occidentalis showed severe symptoms leading to stunting and decline of the plants. Quantitative PCR showed great differences in the titer of GLRaV-7 between the tissues of its natural and experimental host plants. This is the first report on a virus of the Closteroviridae that was successfully transmitted to an herbaceous plant by dodder. Virus replication could be demonstrated in Cuscuta. Both the new experimental hosts of GLRaV-7 and Cuscuta allowed extraction of dsRNA for further characterization of the viral genome, which previously required grapevine scraping of phloem. This is time-consuming and does not always lead to satisfactory results. These alternative hosts of GLRaV-7 facilitate nucleic acid extractions and could be used as model plants for etiological studies.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cuscuta reflexa transmitted GLRaV-7 from grapevine to Tetragonia expansa.
- Taxon
- Tetragonia expansa
.jpg?width=60)
Tetragonia tetragonoidese0 - Interactor
- Cuscuta reflexa
Cuscuta reflexae0parasite - Outcome
- transmittede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“GLRaV-7) was transmitted from an Albanian grapevine accession to Tetragonia expansa by the parasitic dodder Cuscuta reflexa”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuscuta europea transmitted GLRaV-7 to Nicotiana occidentalis.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana occidentalis
Nicotiana occidentalise0 - Interactor
- Cuscuta europeae0parasite
- Outcome
- to Nicotiana occidentalis by Cuscuta europeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to Nicotiana occidentalis by Cuscuta europea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuscuta campestris became infected with GLRaV-7.
- Taxon
- Cuscuta campestris
Cuscuta campestrise0 - Interactor
- GLRaV-7e0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected by GLRaV-7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuscuta campestris was infected by GLRaV-7”
Claim · model-written summary
Cuscuta campestris could not transfer the virus to an experimental host.
- Taxon
- Cuscuta campestrisCuscuta campestrise0
- Interactor
- GLRaV-7e0pathogen
- Outcome
- could not transfer the viruse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cuscuta campestris was infected by GLRaV-7 but could not transfer the virus to an experimental host”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-PCR verified viral transmission from all five plant species.
Verbatim
e0“Transmission of the virus was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from total nucleic acid (TNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extracts from all five plant species”
Claim · model-written summary
dsRNA gels showed viral genome and subgenomic RNA bands.
- Outcome
- strong visible bands corresponding to high-molecular-weight virus genome and to subgenomic RNAe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DsRNA extractions separated on agarose gels showed strong visible bands corresponding to high-molecular-weight virus genome and to subgenomic RNA”
Claim · model-written summary
GLRaV-7 persisted in four experimental plant species for more than four years.
- Taxon
- C. reflexa, C. campestris, T. expansa, and N. occidentalisCuscuta reflexaTetragonia tetragonoidesCuscuta campestrisNicotiana occidentalise0
- Interactor
- GLRaV-7e0pathogen
- Outcome
- GLRaV-7 was maintainede0
- Value
- more than 4 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GLRaV-7 was maintained in C. reflexa, C. campestris, T. expansa, and N. occidentalis for more than 4 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected T. expansa and Cuscuta species remained symptomless.
- Taxon
- T. expansa and the Cuscuta species
.jpg?width=60)
CuscutaTetragonia tetragonoidese0 - Outcome
- remained symptomlesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Infected T. expansa and the Cuscuta species remained symptomless”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected N. occidentalis developed severe symptoms, stunting and decline.
- Taxon
- N. occidentalisNicotiana occidentalise0
- Outcome
- severe symptoms leading to stunting and declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. occidentalis showed severe symptoms leading to stunting and decline of the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GLRaV-7 titers differed greatly between tissues of natural and experimental hosts.
Verbatim
e0“Quantitative PCR showed great differences in the titer of GLRaV-7 between the tissues of its natural and experimental host plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus replication was demonstrated in Cuscuta.
- Outcome
- Virus replication could be demonstratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus replication could be demonstrated in Cuscuta”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental hosts and Cuscuta allowed dsRNA extraction for viral genome characterization.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the new experimental hosts of GLRaV-7 and Cuscuta allowed extraction of dsRNA for further characterization of the viral genome, which previously required grapevine scraping of phloem”
Claim · model-written summary
The alternative host plants facilitate nucleic acid extraction and could serve as etiological models.
Verbatim
e0“These alternative hosts of GLRaV-7 facilitate nucleic acid extractions and could be used as model plants for etiological studies”