Abstract
Root anatomical responses to water deficit are diverse and regulation of water uptake strongly depends on plant anatomy. The ancestors of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars are the wild common beans. Because wild beans adapt and survive well in the natural environment, it is hypothesized that wild common bean roots are less affected than those of domesticated beans at low substrate water potential (ψW). A wild common bean accession from Chihuahua Mexico and cv. Bayomex were studied. Seedlings with a mean root length between 3 and 4 cm were maintained for 24 h in vermiculite at ψW of -0.03 (well hydrated), -0.65, -1.48 and -2.35 MPa (partially dry). Ten anatomical characteristics of differentiation and cell division in root regions were evaluated. Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa). At the same time, parenchymatic cell area diminished by 71 % in the domesticated variety, but by only 32 % in the wild bean at -2.35 MPa. The number of cells in the cortex and the thickness of the xylem wall increased in both wild and domesticated beans at low substrate ψW; nevertheless, the effect was significantly lower in the wild bean. The number of xylem vessels increased in the cultivar (up to 40 %) while in the wild bean it decreased (up to 33 %). The diameter of xylem vessels and transverse root area diminished (15 and 57 %, respectively) in the cultivar, but in the wild common bean were not affected. Anatomical root characteristics and their modifications in both differentiation and cell division in root regions demonstrated that the wild bean reacted quite differently to substrate ψW than the domesticated common bean.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Epidermis and protoderm thickness diminished similarly in wild and domesticated common beans at low substrate water potential.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Material
- wild and domesticated beanse0
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe0
- Outcome
- Thickness of epidermis and protoderme0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- similarlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e0“Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Parenchymatic cell area diminished by 71% in the domesticated variety at -2.35 MPa.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- domesticated varietye1
- Treatment
- -2.35 MPae1
- Outcome
- parenchymatic cell areae1
- Direction
- diminishede1
- Value
- 71 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e1“parenchymatic cell area diminished by 71 % in the domesticated variety, but by only 32 % in the wild bean at -2.35 MPa”
Claim · model-written summary
Parenchymatic cell area diminished by only 32% in the wild bean at -2.35 MPa.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- wild beane1
- Treatment
- -2.35 MPae1
- Outcome
- parenchymatic cell areae1
- Direction
- diminishede1
- Value
- 32 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e1“parenchymatic cell area diminished by 71 % in the domesticated variety, but by only 32 % in the wild bean at -2.35 MPa”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of cortical cells and the xylem wall thickness increased in both wild and domesticated beans at low substrate water potential.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- wild and domesticated beanse2
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe2
- Outcome
- The number of cells in the cortex and the thickness of the xylem walle2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e2“The number of cells in the cortex and the thickness of the xylem wall increased in both wild and domesticated beans at low substrate ψW; nevertheless, the effect was significantly lower in the wild bean”
Claim · model-written summary
At low substrate water potential the effect on cortical cell number and xylem wall thickness was significantly lower in the wild bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- wild beane2
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe2
- Outcome
- the effecte2
- Direction
- lowere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e2“The number of cells in the cortex and the thickness of the xylem wall increased in both wild and domesticated beans at low substrate ψW; nevertheless, the effect was significantly lower in the wild bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of xylem vessels increased by up to 40% in the cultivar.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- cultivare3
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe0
- Outcome
- number of xylem vesselse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- up to 40 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e0“Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa)”
e3“The number of xylem vessels increased in the cultivar (up to 40 %) while in the wild bean it decreased (up to 33 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of xylem vessels decreased by up to 33% in the wild bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- wild beane3
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe0
- Outcome
- number of xylem vesselse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- up to 33 %e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e0“Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa)”
e3“The number of xylem vessels increased in the cultivar (up to 40 %) while in the wild bean it decreased (up to 33 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The diameter of xylem vessels diminished by 15% in the cultivar; the abstract gives it together with the 57% transverse root area change.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- cultivare4
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe0
- Outcome
- diameter of xylem vesselse4
- Direction
- diminishede4
- Value
- 15 and 57 %e4
- Qualifier
- respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e0“Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa)”
e4“The diameter of xylem vessels and transverse root area diminished (15 and 57 %, respectively) in the cultivar, but in the wild common bean were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Transverse root area diminished by 57% in the cultivar; the abstract gives it together with the 15% xylem vessel diameter change.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- cultivare4
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe0
- Outcome
- transverse root areae4
- Direction
- diminishede4
- Value
- 15 and 57 %e4
- Qualifier
- respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e0“Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa)”
e4“The diameter of xylem vessels and transverse root area diminished (15 and 57 %, respectively) in the cultivar, but in the wild common bean were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Diameter of xylem vessels and transverse root area were not affected in the wild common bean.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- wild common beane4
- Treatment
- low substrate ψWe0
- Outcome
- The diameter of xylem vessels and transverse root areae4
- Direction
- were not affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e0“Thickness of epidermis and protoderm diminished similarly in wild and domesticated beans growing at low substrate ψW (between -0.65 and -2.35 MPa)”
e4“The diameter of xylem vessels and transverse root area diminished (15 and 57 %, respectively) in the cultivar, but in the wild common bean were not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
The wild bean reacted quite differently from the domesticated common bean to substrate water potential in its anatomical root characteristics.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- wild beane5
- Treatment
- substrate ψWe5
- Outcome
- Anatomical root characteristicse5
- Direction
- quite differentlye5
- Comparator
- domesticated common beane5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild and domesticated common bean”
e5“Anatomical root characteristics and their modifications in both differentiation and cell division in root regions demonstrated that the wild bean reacted quite differently to substrate ψW than the domesticated common bean”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
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