Abstract
Growth and yield of winter wheat are suppressed by Pratylenchus thornei and by Fusarium culmorum. Many fields in cereal production regions throughout the world are infested by both pathogens. We evaluated effects of one or both pathogens on winter wheat growth, grain yield, and disease parameters at heading and harvest stages over 2 years in inoculated, rainfed pots incubated outdoors. P. thornei nematodes were inoculated at 1, 2, or 4 nematodes/g of soil and F. culmorum was added as colonized millet seed at 0.65 g/kg of soil. At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively. F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively. Co-inoculations caused reductions of 27, 38, 61, and 63%, respectively. The reproductive rate of P. thornei was not greatly affected by co-inoculation with F. culmorum. Disease severity ratings at both plant growth stages became amplified as the nematode density was increased, and were much greater in the presence of both pathogens. Effects of co-inoculation on grain yield were slightly greater than predicted by additive effects of the individual pathogens, suggesting a synergistic effect on yield depression.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
high rate of P. thornei reduced winter wheat plant height by 19%.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- high rate of P. thorneie0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19e0
- Comparator
- noninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. culmorum alone reduced winter wheat plant height by 15%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- F. culmorum alonee0
- Interactor
- F. culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume0pathogen - Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculations reduced winter wheat plant height by 27%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculationse0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 27e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculations caused reductions of 27, 38, 61, and 63%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
e2“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
high rate of P. thornei reduced winter wheat shoot weight by 17%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high rate of P. thorneie0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie0pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17e0
- Comparator
- noninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. culmorum alone reduced winter wheat shoot weight by 16%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- F. culmorum alonee0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot weighte1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculations reduced winter wheat shoot weight by 38%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculationse0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot weighte1
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculations caused reductions of 27, 38, 61, and 63%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
e2“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
high rate of P. thornei reduced winter wheat root weight by 48%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high rate of P. thorneie0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie0pathogen
- Outcome
- root weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48e0
- Comparator
- noninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. culmorum alone reduced winter wheat root weight by 22%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- F. culmorum alonee0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculations reduced winter wheat root weight by 61%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculationse0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- root weighte1
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 61e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculations caused reductions of 27, 38, 61, and 63%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
e2“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
high rate of P. thornei reduced winter wheat grain yield by 31%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high rate of P. thorneie0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31e0
- Comparator
- noninoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
F. culmorum alone reduced winter wheat grain yield by 22%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- F. culmorum alonee0
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculations reduced winter wheat grain yield by 63%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculationse0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 63e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculations caused reductions of 27, 38, 61, and 63%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
e2“F. culmorum alone reduced these parameters by 15, 16, 22, and 22%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation did not greatly affect P. thornei reproductive rate.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation with F. culmorume0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- reproductive rate of P. thorneie0
- Direction
- not greatly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reproductive rate of P. thornei was not greatly affected by co-inoculation with F. culmorum.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity increased with nematode density at both stages.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- P. thorneiPratylenchus thorneie1pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease severity ratingse0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
- Qualifier
- both plant growth stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity ratings at both plant growth stages became amplified as the nematode density was increased”
e1“At harvest, compared with the noninoculated control, the high rate of P. thornei reduced (P < 0.05) plant height, shoot weight, root weight, and grain yield by 19, 17, 48, and 31%, respectively.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity was much greater with both pathogens.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- both pathogense0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus thorneiPratylenchus thorneit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium culmorumFusarium culmorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease severity ratingse1
- Direction
- much greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were much greater in the presence of both pathogens.”
e1“Disease severity ratings at both plant growth stages”
t0“Pratylenchus thornei and Fusarium culmorum on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined effect on grain yield was slightly greater than additive predictions, suggesting synergy.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus thorneiPratylenchus thorneit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fusarium culmorumFusarium culmorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- slightly greatere0
- Comparator
- predicted by additive effects of the individual pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of co-inoculation on grain yield were slightly greater than predicted by additive effects of the individual pathogens, suggesting a synergistic effect on yield depression.”
t0“Pratylenchus thornei and Fusarium culmorum on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Fusarium culmorum · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Pratylenchus thornei · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Fusarium culmorum · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.