Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of intercropping of maize fodder in months of monsoon (July to October), in Faisalabad, Pakistan, on infestation of citrus leaf miner (CLM) (Phyllocnistis citrella Stanton) and its predators. Lemon, Kinnow, Grapefruit and Musambi intercropped with and without maize were selected for recording data on these insects. Percent leaf miner infestation and number of predators were recorded from randomly selected branches of citrus trees. Results showed that intercropped plots of each variety had low infestation of citrus miner and high population of coccinellids and Chrysoperla carnea when compared with Tuckey’s Test at p<0.05. The mean CLM infestation on Kinnow and Musambi was 8.40±0.144 and 12.72±0.171 in intercropped and 9.12±0.169 and 14.52±0.200 in wihtout intercropped plots, respectively. Interaction of population of Chrysoperla carnea and coccinellids was non-significant for months, varieties and intercropping but was significant within months, varieties and intercropping. The possibility of using maize fodder as intercrop in autumn in citrus is discussed.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped plots had significantly lower citrus miner infestation in every variety.
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Interactor
- citrus minere0pest
- Outcome
- infestation of citrus minere0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- without maizee1
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropped plots of each variety had low infestation of citrus miner and high population of coccinellids and Chrysoperla carnea when compared with Tuckey’s Test at p<0.05”
e1“Lemon, Kinnow, Grapefruit and Musambi intercropped with and without maize”
t0“citrus orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased coccinellid populations in each citrus variety.
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Interactor
- coccinellidse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of coccinellidse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- without maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropped plots of each variety had low infestation of citrus miner and high population of coccinellids and Chrysoperla carnea when compared with Tuckey’s Test at p<0.05”
e1“Lemon, Kinnow, Grapefruit and Musambi intercropped with and without maize”
t0“citrus orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping significantly increased Chrysoperla carnea populations in each citrus variety.
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Interactor
- Chrysoperla carnea
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=60)
Chrysoperla carneae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- populatione0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- without maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Chrysoperla_carnea_-_dorsal_view.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“intercropped plots of each variety had low infestation of citrus miner and high population of coccinellids and Chrysoperla carnea when compared with Tuckey’s Test at p<0.05”
e1“Lemon, Kinnow, Grapefruit and Musambi intercropped with and without maize”
t0“citrus orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinnow CLM infestation averaged 8.40±0.144 with intercropping versus 9.12±0.169 without it.
- Material
- Kinnowe0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Interactor
- CLMe0pest
- Outcome
- CLM infestatione0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 8.40±0.144e0
- Qualifier
- 9.12±0.169e0
- Comparator
- wihtout intercropped plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean CLM infestation on Kinnow and Musambi was 8.40±0.144 and 12.72±0.171 in intercropped and 9.12±0.169 and 14.52±0.200 in wihtout intercropped plots, respectively.”
t0“citrus orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Musambi CLM infestation averaged 12.72±0.171 with intercropping versus 14.52±0.200 without it.
- Material
- Musambie0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Interactor
- CLMe0pest
- Outcome
- CLM infestatione0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 12.72±0.171e0
- Qualifier
- 14.52±0.200e0
- Comparator
- wihtout intercropped plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean CLM infestation on Kinnow and Musambi was 8.40±0.144 and 12.72±0.171 in intercropped and 9.12±0.169 and 14.52±0.200 in wihtout intercropped plots, respectively.”
t0“citrus orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Predator population interactions were non-significant for months, varieties and intercropping.
- Taxon
- Chrysoperla carneaChrysoperla carneae0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- coccinellidse0other
- Outcome
- Interaction of populatione0
- Qualifier
- for months, varieties and intercroppinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction of population of Chrysoperla carnea and coccinellids was non-significant for months, varieties and intercropping but was significant within months, varieties and intercropping.”
Claim · model-written summary
Predator population interactions were significant within months, varieties and intercropping.
- Taxon
- Chrysoperla carneaChrysoperla carneae0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Interactor
- coccinellidse0other
- Outcome
- Interaction of populatione0
- Qualifier
- within months, varieties and intercroppinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction of population of Chrysoperla carnea and coccinellids was non-significant for months, varieties and intercropping but was significant within months, varieties and intercropping.”