Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) can translocate across the cell membrane and have been extensively studied for the delivery of proteins, nucleic acids, and therapeutics in mammalian cells. However, characterizations of CPP in plants have only recently been initiated. We showed that the intact virion and a recombinant capsid protein (CaP) from a plant-infecting nonenveloped icosahedral RNA virus, Brome mosaic virus (BMV), can penetrate the membranes of plant protoplasts but are trapped by the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, a 22-residue peptide derived from the N-terminal region of the CaP (CPNT) can enter barley protoplasts and cells of intact barley and Arabidopsis roots. An inhibitor of the macropinocytosis reduced CPNT entry, while treatment with NiCl(2) changed the cellular localization of CPNT. CPNT increased uptake of the green flourescent protein (GFP) into the cell when covalently fused to GFP or when present in trans of GFP. The BMV CPNT overlaps with the sequence known to bind BMV RNA, and it can deliver BMV RNAs into cells, resulting in viral replication, as well as deliver double-stranded RNAs that can induce gene silencing.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
BMV virions and capsid protein entered plant protoplast membranes but were trapped by extracellular matrix.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Interactor
- Brome mosaic virus (BMV)
Brome mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- penetrate the membranes of plant protoplastse0
- Comparator
- extracellular matrixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intact virion and a recombinant capsid protein (CaP) from a plant-infecting nonenveloped icosahedral RNA virus, Brome mosaic virus (BMV), can penetrate the membranes of plant protoplasts but are trapped by the extracellular matrix”
Claim · model-written summary
CPNT entered barley protoplasts and cells of intact barley and Arabidopsis roots.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- enter barley protoplasts and cells of intact barley and Arabidopsis rootse0
- Value
- 22-residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a 22-residue peptide derived from the N-terminal region of the CaP (CPNT) can enter barley protoplasts and cells of intact barley and Arabidopsis roots”
Claim · model-written summary
A macropinocytosis inhibitor reduced CPNT entry into plant cells.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“An inhibitor of the macropinocytosis reduced CPNT entry”
t0“Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived from Viral Capsid Proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
NiCl(2) treatment changed CPNT cellular localization.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“treatment with NiCl(2) changed the cellular localization of CPNT”
Claim · model-written summary
CPNT increased GFP uptake whether fused to GFP or supplied in trans.
- Outcome
- uptake of the green flourescent protein (GFP) into the celle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- when covalently fused to GFP or when present in trans of GFPe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“CPNT increased uptake of the green flourescent protein (GFP) into the cell when covalently fused to GFP or when present in trans of GFP”
Claim · model-written summary
CPNT delivered BMV RNAs into cells and viral replication followed.
- Interactor
- BMVBrome mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- deliver BMV RNAs into cells, resulting in viral replicatione0
- Value
- BMV RNAse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it can deliver BMV RNAs into cells, resulting in viral replication”
Claim · model-written summary
CPNT delivered double-stranded RNAs capable of inducing gene silencing.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“deliver double-stranded RNAs that can induce gene silencing”