Abstract
Seed treatments for the control of crow damage to newly-sown winter and spring wheat were evaluated in field trials from 2004 to 2007.Treatments included six fungicides, three insecticides, a product marketed as a bird repellent and three possible repellents.Various rates of selected compounds were investigated.Winter wheat was sown in December and spring wheat in late-January to mid-February.Sowing depth was 2 to 4 cm while some selected treatments were also sown at 5 to 9 cm deep.Crow damage was assessed by recording plant density and grain yield.Severe damage by crows was recorded.The plant population for untreated spring wheat seed in 2004, 2005 and 2006 was reduced by 59%, 72% and 89%, respectively.The corresponding reductions caused by crows to winter wheat sown in December 2004, 2005 and 2006 was 97%, 89% and 96%.Best control of crow damage was provided by the fungicide Thiram.Increasing the rate of Thiram applied to seed improved the control of crow damage by increasing plant density in the range 42 to 70% and 36 to 57%, respectively, for spring and winter wheat when compared with untreated seed.Anchor, which contains the fungicides Thiram and Carboxin, also gave reasonably good control.The commonly used fungicide product panoctine gave poor control of crow damage.Other treatments investigated were ineffective in controlling damage.Increasing the sowing depth to more than 4.6 cm significantly reduced damage to both treated and untreated seed when compared with similar treatments sown less than this depth.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Severe crow damage occurred.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- Severe damage by crowse0
CorvusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Severe damage by crows was recorded”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Crow damage reduced untreated spring wheat populations by 59%, 72%, and 89% in 2004, 2005, and 2006.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- plant populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 59%, 72% and 89%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004, 2005 and 2006e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant population for untreated spring wheat seed in 2004, 2005 and 2006 was reduced by 59%, 72% and 89%, respectively”
e1“Severe damage by crows was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Crow damage reduced winter wheat populations by 97%, 89%, and 96% in 2004, 2005, and 2006.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- reductions caused by crowse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 97%, 89% and 96%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The corresponding reductions caused by crows to winter wheat sown in December 2004, 2005 and 2006 was 97%, 89% and 96%”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram gave the best control of crow damage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Thirame0
- Interactor
- crowe0herbivore
- Outcome
- control of crow damagee0
- Direction
- Beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Best control of crow damage was provided by the fungicide Thiram”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Thiram rate increased spring wheat plant density by 42 to 70% versus untreated seed.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Increasing the rate of Thiram applied to seede0
- Interactor
- crowe0herbivore
- Outcome
- plant densitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 42 to 70%e0
- Comparator
- untreated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the rate of Thiram applied to seed improved the control of crow damage by increasing plant density in the range 42 to 70% and 36 to 57%, respectively, for spring and winter wheat when compared with untreated seed”
e1“The plant population for untreated spring wheat seed in 2004, 2005 and 2006 was reduced by 59%, 72% and 89%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Thiram rate increased winter wheat plant density by 36 to 57% versus untreated seed.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Increasing the rate of Thiram applied to seede0
- Interactor
- crowe0herbivore
- Outcome
- plant densitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 36 to 57%e0
- Comparator
- untreated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the rate of Thiram applied to seed improved the control of crow damage by increasing plant density in the range 42 to 70% and 36 to 57%, respectively, for spring and winter wheat when compared with untreated seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Anchor gave reasonably good crow damage control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Anchore0
- Interactor
- crowt0herbivore
- Outcome
- reasonably good controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Anchor, which contains the fungicides Thiram and Carboxin, also gave reasonably good control”
t0“crow damage to newly-sown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Panoctine gave poor crow damage control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- panoctinee0
- Interactor
- crowe0herbivore
- Outcome
- poor control of crow damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The commonly used fungicide product panoctine gave poor control of crow damage”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Other investigated treatments did not control crow damage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Other treatments investigatede0
- Interactor
- crowt0herbivore
- Outcome
- controlling damagee0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other treatments investigated were ineffective in controlling damage”
t0“crow damage to newly-sown wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing deeper than 4.6 cm significantly reduced damage to treated and untreated wheat seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sowing depth to more than 4.6 cme0
- Interactor
- crowt0herbivore
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- similar treatments sown less than this depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the sowing depth to more than 4.6 cm significantly reduced damage to both treated and untreated seed when compared with similar treatments sown less than this depth”
t0“crow damage to newly-sown wheat”
The same questions in other papers
thiram · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.