Abstract
Dipterocarp seedling populations arising from a 1996 mast fruiting in closed-canopy primary lowland rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia, were monitored through the 1997-8 El Niño event to investigate the effects of drought and other factors on dipterocarp regeneration. Of particular interest was the influence of herbivory and its relation to drought, since water stress is known to influence herbivore performance. For seedlings with less than 10% leaf damage, mortality during a 6-mo period spanning the driest part of the drought was three times higher than mortality in the previous and subsequent 6-mo periods (∼10% vs. ∼30%). Leaf production was also higher during this period. Survival was positively related to leaf number and negatively related to leaf damage. Dryobalanops lanceolata was the tallest and leafiest species, and had low levels of leaf damage. Depending on sample period, abscission of leaves with more than 50% damage was between two and three times more likely than those with less than 10% damage. Mortality of seedlings defoliated by more than 50% was around twice that of seedlings defoliated by less than 10%. However, fewer than 10% of seedlings were defoliated by more than 50% at any time. The effect of defoliation did not seem to be altered by drought. Defoliation levels increased after the drought, perhaps due to a resurgence of insect populations. Drought may become a more important influence on dipterocarp regeneration in future, since El Niño events are thought to be increasing in frequency.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality of seedlings with less than 10% leaf damage was three times higher during the driest six months than in adjacent periods.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“For seedlings with less than 10% leaf damage, mortality during a 6-mo period spanning the driest part of the drought was three times higher than mortality in the previous and subsequent 6-mo periods (∼10% vs. ∼30%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf production was higher during the driest period.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Leaf production was also higher during this period.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling survival was positively related to leaf number.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Survival was positively related to leaf number”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling survival was negatively related to leaf damage.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Survival was positively related to leaf number and negatively related to leaf damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dryobalanops lanceolata was the tallest and leafiest species.
- Taxon
- Dryobalanops lanceolataDryobalanops lanceolatae0
- Outcome
- tallest and leafieste0
Verbatim
e0“Dryobalanops lanceolata was the tallest and leafiest species, and had low levels of leaf damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dryobalanops lanceolata had low levels of leaf damage.
- Taxon
- Dryobalanops lanceolataDryobalanops lanceolatae0
- Outcome
- leaf damagee0
- Direction
- lowe0
Verbatim
e0“Dryobalanops lanceolata was the tallest and leafiest species, and had low levels of leaf damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves with more than 50% damage were two to three times more likely to abscise than leaves with less than 10% damage.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Depending on sample period, abscission of leaves with more than 50% damage was between two and three times more likely than those with less than 10% damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality was around twice as high among seedlings defoliated by more than 50% as among those defoliated by less than 10%.
- Taxon
- Dipterocarpt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- Mortalitye0
- Value
- around twicee0
- Comparator
- seedlings defoliated by less than 10%e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Mortality of seedlings defoliated by more than 50% was around twice that of seedlings defoliated by less than 10%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fewer than 10% of seedlings were defoliated by more than 50% at any time.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“fewer than 10% of seedlings were defoliated by more than 50% at any time.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought did not seem to alter the effect of defoliation.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“The effect of defoliation did not seem to be altered by drought.”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation levels increased after the drought.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Defoliation levels increased after the drought, perhaps due to a resurgence of insect populations.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested drought may become a more important influence on regeneration as El Niño events become more frequent.
Verbatim
t0“Dipterocarp seedling population dynamics”
e0“Drought may become a more important influence on dipterocarp regeneration in future, since El Niño events are thought to be increasing in frequency.”