Paper · 1981 · The Journal of Agricultural Science

Effect of simazine and prometryne on the growth and nodulation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

S. Kumar; S. K. Pahwa; K. Promila; et al.

17
claims
35
verbatim quotes
15
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

SUMMARY Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/ha. 2 days after sowing, did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea. Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days. Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne. All treatments retarded dry-matter accumulation in the roots with time. Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages. Growth of the rhizobial culture was reduced with increasing concentrations (1–20 mg/1) of both simazine and prometryne. Root nodule initiation was not affected by either of the herbicides but the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodules were reduced in different degrees by various treatments. Overall nodulation was drastically reduced with simazine. Reductions in nodulation with simazine and prometryne appeared to be primarily a case of general root growth reduction. The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants. The N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 17

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Simazine and prometryne did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/hae1
Outcome
germination or early seedling growthe2
Direction
did not affecte2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e1

“Simazine and prometryne applied to the soil surface in pots at 1·6 and 3·2 kg/ha”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“did not affect germination or early seedling growth of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 111–174 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf dry weight was reduced under all treatments after 28 days.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
all treatmentse3
Outcome
leaf dry weighte3
Direction
Reductionse3
Qualifier
after 28 dayse3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e3

“Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 176–306 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Length of the main stem was reduced under all treatments after 42 days.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
all treatmentse3
Outcome
length of the main steme3
Direction
Reductionse3
Qualifier
after 42 dayse3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e3

“Reductions were noticed under all treatments in the leaf dry weight after 28 days and in the length of the main stem after 42 days”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 176–306 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Simazine drastically reduced shoot dry-matter accumulation, unlike prometryne.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazinee4
Outcome
Dry-matter accumulation in the shoote4
Direction
drastically reducede4
Comparator
prometrynee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e4

“Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 308–406 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Prometryne did not change shoot dry-matter accumulation.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
prometrynee4
Outcome
Dry-matter accumulation in the shoote4
Direction
no_changeinferrede4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e4

“Dry-matter accumulation in the shoot was drastically reduced with simazine but not with prometryne”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 308–406 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All treatments retarded root dry-matter accumulation with time.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
All treatmentse5
Outcome
dry-matter accumulation in the rootse5
Direction
retardede5
Qualifier
with timee5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e5

“All treatments retarded dry-matter accumulation in the roots with time”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 408–478 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Prometrynee6
Outcome
chlorophyll contente6
Direction
reducede6
Qualifier
during early growth stagese6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e6

“Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 480–578 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Simazine reduced chlorophyll content during later growth stages.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazinee6
Outcome
chlorophyll contente6
Direction
reducede6
Qualifier
during later stagese6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e6

“Prometryne reduced chlorophyll content during early growth stages and simazine during later stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 480–578 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Simazine and prometryne reduced the growth of the rhizobial culture with increasing concentrations.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazine and prometrynee7
Interactor
rhizobial culturee7symbiont
Outcome
Growth of the rhizobial culturee7
Direction
reducede7
Value
1–20 mg/1e7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e7

“Growth of the rhizobial culture was reduced with increasing concentrations (1–20 mg/1) of both simazine and prometryne”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 580–698 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root nodule initiation was not affected by either herbicide.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Organ / stage
Root nodulee1
Treatment
the herbicidese1
Outcome
Root nodule initiatione1
Direction
not affectede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e1

“Root nodule initiation was not affected by either of the herbicides”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 700–767 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Later production and growth of nodules were reduced in different degrees by the treatments.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
various treatmentse2
Outcome
the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodulese2
Direction
reducede2
Qualifier
in different degreese2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e2

“the later production of new nodules and growth of the nodules were reduced in different degrees by various treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–889 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Overall nodulation was drastically reduced by simazine.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazinee3
Outcome
Overall nodulatione3
Direction
drastically reducede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e3

“Overall nodulation was drastically reduced with simazine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 891–947 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest that reduced nodulation under both herbicides is mainly a result of general root growth reduction.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazine and prometrynee4
Outcome
Reductions in nodulatione4
Qualifier
general root growth reductione4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e4

“Reductions in nodulation with simazine and prometryne appeared to be primarily a case of general root growth reduction”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 949–1067 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leghaemoglobin did not develop in nodules of simazine-treated plants.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazinetreated plantse5
Gene
leghaemoglobine5
Outcome
pink pigment, leghaemoglobine5
Direction
did not develop at alle5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e5

“The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1069–1248 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leghaemoglobin concentration in nodules of prometryne-treated plants was not affected.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
prometrynetreated plantse5
Gene
leghaemoglobine5
Outcome
its concentratione5
Direction
not affectede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e5

“The pink pigment, leghaemoglobin, did not develop at all in the nodules of simazinetreated plants and its concentration was not affected in the nodules of prometrynetreated plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1069–1248 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N2-fixing efficiency of nodules was higher in prometryne-treated plants.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
prometryne-treated plantse6
Outcome
N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodulese6
Direction
moree6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e6

“The N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1250–1412 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N2-fixing efficiency of nodules was nil in simazine-treated plants.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
simazine-treated onese6
Outcome
N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodulese6
Direction
nile6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“nodulation of chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74 · show in text ↑
e6

“The N 2 -fixing efficiency (acetylene reduction) of the nodules was more in the case of prometryne-treated plants and was nil in the case of simazine-treated ones”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1250–1412 · show in text ↑

herbicide · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 5 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.