Abstract
Minimizing inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides, or tillage may be sought by producers to satisfy economic as well as environmental goals. One of the challenges in reducing inputs, whether synthetic fertilizers or herbicides, or substituting a synthetic nutrient with an organic source, is to identify practices that will provide optimum growing conditions for the crop while maintaining an adequate level of weed control. Our objective was to measure the cumulative effects of 12 yr of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization treatments applied to two tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT) vs. no tillage (NT)] in a corn–soybean rotation on weed communities and crop yields. Residual (postherbicide treatment) weed species assembly was determined by multivariate analysis and was influenced mainly by tillage, with weeds more strongly associated with NT than with CT. Diversity of weed communities as measured by richness, evenness (E), and a diversity index (H′), and total weed biomass were greater for NT than for CT. Nutrient treatments had little or no effect on these parameters. Corn yields were reduced by 70% in the absence of N and by 25% in NT compared to CT treatments. Soybean yields were reduced in NT with increasing P rates compared to other treatments, but reductions never exceeded 10%. Overall, corn and soybean had different responses to treatments, with corn yields being far more affected by fertilization and tillage than soybean yields. Conversely, the absence of tillage had a much greater effect than the absence of nutrient input on weed community assembly and biomass, suggesting the importance of a weed management program specifically tailored for NT systems.Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage influenced weed species assembly more strongly than conventional tillage did.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- NTe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed species assemblye0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residual (postherbicide treatment) weed species assembly was determined by multivariate analysis and was influenced mainly by tillage, with weeds more strongly associated with NT than with CT”
e1“Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
Claim · model-written summary
Diversity of weed communities was greater under no-tillage than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- NTe2
- Interactor
- weed communitiese2weed
- Outcome
- richness, evenness (E), and a diversity index (H′)e2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Diversity of weed communities as measured by richness, evenness (E), and a diversity index (H′), and total weed biomass were greater for NT than for CT”
e1“Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
Claim · model-written summary
Total weed biomass was greater under no-tillage than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- NTe2
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Diversity of weed communities as measured by richness, evenness (E), and a diversity index (H′), and total weed biomass were greater for NT than for CT”
e1“Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient treatments had no significant effect on weed diversity or biomass in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Nutrient treatmentse3
- Outcome
- effect on these parameterse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Nutrient treatments had little or no effect on these parameters”
e1“Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was reduced by 70% in the absence of nitrogen.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- in the absence of Ne4
- Outcome
- Corn yieldse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 70%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Corn yields were reduced by 70% in the absence of N and by 25% in NT compared to CT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was reduced by 25% under no-tillage compared to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- NTe4
- Outcome
- Corn yieldse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 25%e4
- Comparator
- CTe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Corn yields were reduced by 70% in the absence of N and by 25% in NT compared to CT treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was reduced by no more than 10% under no-tillage with increasing P rates compared to other treatments.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe5 - Treatment
- increasing P ratese5
- Outcome
- Soybean yieldse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 10%e5
- Comparator
- other treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Soybean yields were reduced in NT with increasing P rates compared to other treatments, but reductions never exceeded 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yields were more affected by fertilization and tillage than soybean yields.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse6
- Outcome
- corn yieldse6
- Direction
- more affectede6
- Comparator
- soybean yieldse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“with corn yields being far more affected by fertilization and tillage than soybean yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Absence of tillage had a greater effect than absence of nutrient input on weed community assembly and biomass.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- absence of tillagee7
- Interactor
- weed communitye7weed
- Outcome
- weed community assembly and biomasse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- absence of nutrient inpute7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the absence of tillage had a much greater effect than the absence of nutrient input on weed community assembly and biomass, suggesting the importance of a weed management program specifically tailored for NT systems”
e1“Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
Claim · model-written summary
A weed management program specifically tailored for no-tillage systems is important.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- a weed management program specifically tailored for NT systemse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the absence of tillage had a much greater effect than the absence of nutrient input on weed community assembly and biomass, suggesting the importance of a weed management program specifically tailored for NT systems”
e1“Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L., soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
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See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.