Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the allelopathy of Hyptis suaveolens Poit, an important medicinal plant of Lamiaceae family. The aqueous methanol extracts of this plant at four different concentrations (3, 10, 30 and 100 mg dry weight [DW] equivalent extract/mL), were examined on the seedling growth of eight test plant species, cress (Lepidum sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. scop.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and on the germination of cress and Italian ryegrass. The germination of cress, Italian ryegrass and the growth of all eight test species were significantly inhibited by the H. suaveolens plant extracts at a concentration greater than 3, 30 and 10 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activity of the extracts was concentration dependent. The root growth of all the test plants was more sensitive to the extracts than the hypocotyl/coleoptile growth of those. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition (defined as I50) of the hypocotyl/coleoptile and root growth of the eight test plant species range from 9.3–79.3 and 4.9–29.5 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively. The hypocotyl growth of lettuce and the root growth of crabgrass were most sensitive to the extract, whereas coleoptile growth of barnyardgrass and the root growth of alfalfa were the least sensitive. The inhibitory activities of the H. suaveolens on the germination and growth of the test plant species suggest that the plant has allelopathic potentiality and may possess allelochemicals. These allelochemicals might be responsible for the restricted growth of other plant species near their colony in natural ecosystems. However, isolation and identification of these allelochemicals from H. suaveolens plant extracts could serve as the lead for new natural herbicides development for sustainable weed management strategies.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Hyptis extract significantly inhibited cress germination above 3 mg DW equivalent extract/mL.
- Taxon
- cresse0
- Treatment
- H. suaveolens plant extractse0
- Interactor
- H. suaveolens
_Kuntze_(3280487383).jpg?width=60)
Mesosphaerum suaveolense0other - Outcome
- germination of cresse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Kuntze_(3280487383).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The germination of cress, Italian ryegrass and the growth of all eight test species were significantly inhibited by the H. suaveolens plant extracts at a concentration greater than 3, 30 and 10 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyptis extract significantly inhibited Italian ryegrass germination above 30 mg DW equivalent extract/mL.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- H. suaveolens plant extractse0
- Interactor
- H. suaveolensMesosphaerum suaveolense0other
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination of cress, Italian ryegrass and the growth of all eight test species were significantly inhibited by the H. suaveolens plant extracts at a concentration greater than 3, 30 and 10 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyptis extract significantly inhibited seedling growth in all eight species above 10 mg DW equivalent extract/mL.
- Taxon
- all eight test speciese0
- Treatment
- H. suaveolens plant extractse0
- Interactor
- H. suaveolensMesosphaerum suaveolense0other
- Outcome
- growth of all eight test speciese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 10 mg DW equivalent extract/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination of cress, Italian ryegrass and the growth of all eight test species were significantly inhibited by the H. suaveolens plant extracts at a concentration greater than 3, 30 and 10 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract inhibition increased with concentration.
- Taxon
- Hyptis suaveolensMesosphaerum suaveolenst0
- Treatment
- concentratione0
- Outcome
- inhibitory activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory activity of the extracts was concentration dependent.”
t0“Hyptis suaveolens”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth was more sensitive to extracts than hypocotyl or coleoptile growth.
Verbatim
e0“The root growth of all the test plants was more sensitive to the extracts than the hypocotyl/coleoptile growth of those.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl or coleoptile growth had I50 values of 9.3–79.3 mg DW equivalent extract/mL.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations required for 50% inhibition (defined as I50) of the hypocotyl/coleoptile and root growth of the eight test plant species range from 9.3–79.3 and 4.9–29.5 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth had I50 values of 4.9–29.5 mg DW equivalent extract/mL.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations required for 50% inhibition (defined as I50) of the hypocotyl/coleoptile and root growth of the eight test plant species range from 9.3–79.3 and 4.9–29.5 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce hypocotyl growth was among the most sensitive endpoints.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Outcome
- hypocotyl growthe0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hypocotyl growth of lettuce and the root growth of crabgrass were most sensitive to the extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Crabgrass root growth was among the most sensitive endpoints.
Verbatim
e0“The hypocotyl growth of lettuce and the root growth of crabgrass were most sensitive to the extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass coleoptile growth was among the least sensitive endpoints.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Outcome
- coleoptile growthe0
- Direction
- least sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coleoptile growth of barnyardgrass and the root growth of alfalfa were the least sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa root growth was among the least sensitive endpoints.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- least sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“coleoptile growth of barnyardgrass and the root growth of alfalfa were the least sensitive.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer allelopathic potential and possible allelochemicals in Hyptis suaveolens.
- Taxon
- H. suaveolensMesosphaerum suaveolense0
- Outcome
- allelopathic potentialitye0
- Qualifier
- may possess allelochemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory activities of the H. suaveolens on the germination and growth of the test plant species suggest that the plant has allelopathic potentiality and may possess allelochemicals.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesize that allelochemicals restrict growth of nearby plants.
Verbatim
e0“These allelochemicals might be responsible for the restricted growth of other plant species near their colony in natural ecosystems.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest isolating Hyptis allelochemicals as leads for natural herbicides.
- Taxon
- H. suaveolensMesosphaerum suaveolense0
- Outcome
- isolation and identification of these allelochemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolation and identification of these allelochemicals from H. suaveolens plant extracts could serve as the lead for new natural herbicides development for sustainable weed management strategies.”
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