Abstract
Background: essential oils are well known for their pharmacological effectiveness as well as their repellent, insecticide, and herbicide activities. The emergence of resistant weeds, due to the overuse of synthetic herbicides, makes it necessary to find natural alternatives for weed control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris, three common commercial essential oils, on weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli), food crops (tomato and cucumber), and the invasive species Nicotiana glauca. Methods: to determine herbicidal effects, essential oils were tested at different concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). The index of germination and seedling length data were recorded over 14 days. Results: the in vitro assays showed that L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species. L. multiflorum was the most sensitive weed, particularly to lavender essential oil, which decreased the growth of its hypocotyl and radicle by 87.8% and 76.7%, respectively, at a dose of 1 µL/mL. Cucumber was the most resistant food crop, with no significant reduction observed in seed germination and hypocotyl growth with E. citriodora and L. angustifolia essential oils. Conclusions: lavender essential oil represents a promising candidate for the development of effective and safe herbicides in the management of L. multiflorum affecting cucumber crops.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Lavandula angustifolia oil was the most phytotoxic for weed seed germination.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lavandula angustifolia oil most affected tomato seed germination.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- L. angustifoliae0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- most phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lavandula angustifolia oil was most phytotoxic for invasive-species germination.
- Taxon
- invasive speciese0
- Treatment
- L. angustifoliae0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- most phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lavender oil reduced Lolium multiflorum hypocotyl growth by 87.8% at 1 µL/mL.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorum
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- lavender essential oile0
- Outcome
- growth of its hypocotyle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 87.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 1 µL/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. multiflorum was the most sensitive weed, particularly to lavender essential oil, which decreased the growth of its hypocotyl and radicle by 87.8% and 76.7%, respectively, at a dose of 1 µL/mL.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lavender oil reduced Lolium multiflorum radicle growth by 76.7% at 1 µL/mL.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- lavender essential oile0
- Outcome
- radiclee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 76.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 1 µL/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L. multiflorum was the most sensitive weed, particularly to lavender essential oil, which decreased the growth of its hypocotyl and radicle by 87.8% and 76.7%, respectively, at a dose of 1 µL/mL.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus citriodora oil did not significantly reduce cucumber germination or hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- E. citriodorae0
- Outcome
- seed germination and hypocotyl growthe0
- Direction
- no significant reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber was the most resistant food crop, with no significant reduction observed in seed germination and hypocotyl growth with E. citriodora and L. angustifolia essential oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lavandula angustifolia oil did not significantly reduce cucumber germination or hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- L. angustifoliae0
- Outcome
- seed germination and hypocotyl growthe0
- Direction
- no significant reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber was the most resistant food crop, with no significant reduction observed in seed germination and hypocotyl growth with E. citriodora and L. angustifolia essential oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lavender oil was proposed as a herbicide candidate for L. multiflorum in cucumber crops.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- lavender essential oile0
- Interactor
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume0weed
- Outcome
- management of L. multiflorume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lavender essential oil represents a promising candidate for the development of effective and safe herbicides in the management of L. multiflorum affecting cucumber crops.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)Positive and negative results
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See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.