Abstract
Isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the causal agent of take-all of wheat, varied in sensitivity in vitro to the antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. shown previously to have potential for biological control of this pathogen. None of the four isolates of G. graminis var. avenae examined were sensitive to either of the antibiotics in vitro at the concentrations tested. The single isolate of G. graminis var. graminis tested was insensitive to PCA at 1.0 (mu)g/ml. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84, both of which produce PCA, effectively suppressed take-all caused by each of two PCA-sensitive isolates of G. graminis var. tritici. PCA-producing strains exhibited a reduced ability or complete inability to suppress take-all caused by two of three isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to PCA at 1.0 (mu)g/ml. P. fluorescens Q2-87, which produces Phl, suppressed take-all caused by three Phl-sensitive isolates but failed to provide significant suppression of take-all caused by two isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to Phl at 3.0 (mu)g/ml. These findings affirm the role of the antibiotics PCA and Phl in the biocontrol activity of these fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and support earlier evidence that mechanisms in addition to PCA are responsible for suppression of take-all by strain 2-79. The results show further that isolates of G. graminis var. tritici insensitive to PCA and Phl are present in the pathogen population and provide additional justification for the use of mixtures of Pseudomonas spp. that employ different mechanisms of pathogen suppression to manage this disease.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
G. graminis var. tritici isolates varied in in vitro sensitivity to PCA and Phl.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Gaeumannomyces graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitivity in vitroe0
- Direction
- variede0
- Qualifier
- phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the causal agent of take-all of wheat, varied in sensitivity in vitro to the antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four G. graminis var. avenae isolates were insensitive to both antibiotics in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. avenaeGaeumannomyces avenaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitive to either of the antibiotics in vitroe0
- Direction
- Nonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the four isolates of G. graminis var. avenae examined were sensitive to either of the antibiotics in vitro at the concentrations tested.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested G. graminis var. graminis isolate was insensitive to PCA at 1.0 (mu)g/ml.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. graminis
Gaeumannomyces graminise0pathogen - Outcome
- insensitive to PCAe0
- Direction
- insensitivee0
- Value
- 1.0 (mu)g/mle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The single isolate of G. graminis var. graminis tested was insensitive to PCA at 1.0 (mu)g/ml.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens 2-79 suppressed take-all caused by two PCA-sensitive pathogen isolates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79e0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84, both of which produce PCA, effectively suppressed take-all caused by each of two PCA-sensitive isolates of G. graminis var. tritici.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P. chlororaphis 30-84 suppressed take-all caused by two PCA-sensitive isolates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84e0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens 30-84e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84, both of which produce PCA, effectively suppressed take-all caused by each of two PCA-sensitive isolates of G. graminis var. tritici.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA-producing strains had reduced or absent suppression of take-all from PCA-insensitive isolates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PCA-producing strainse0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- ability or complete inability to suppress take-alle0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- insensitive to PCA at 1.0 (mu)g/mle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCA-producing strains exhibited a reduced ability or complete inability to suppress take-all caused by two of three isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to PCA at 1.0 (mu)g/ml.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens Q2-87 suppressed take-all caused by three Phl-sensitive isolates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens Q2-87e0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens Q2-87Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- take-alle0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. fluorescens Q2-87, which produces Phl, suppressed take-all caused by three Phl-sensitive isolates”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of take-all caused by Phl-insensitive isolates was not significant.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- suppression of take-alle0
- Direction
- failede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“failed to provide significant suppression of take-all caused by two isolates of G. graminis var. tritici that were insensitive to Phl at 3.0 (mu)g/ml.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The findings support a role for PCA and Phl in Pseudomonas biocontrol activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.
Pseudomonase0biocontrol_agent - Compound
- PCA and Phle0
- Outcome
- biocontrol activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings affirm the role of the antibiotics PCA and Phl in the biocontrol activity of these fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional mechanisms beyond PCA contribute to take-all suppression by strain 2-79.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- PCAe0
- Outcome
- suppression of take-alle0
- Qualifier
- mechanisms in addition to PCAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mechanisms in addition to PCA are responsible for suppression of take-all by strain 2-79.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen isolates insensitive to PCA and Phl occur in the population.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- G. graminis var. triticiGaeumannomyces triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- insensitive to PCA and Phl are present in the pathogen populatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolates of G. graminis var. tritici insensitive to PCA and Phl are present in the pathogen population”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor mixtures of Pseudomonas with distinct suppression mechanisms to manage take-all.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.Pseudomonase0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- the use of mixtures of Pseudomonas spp. that employ different mechanisms of pathogen suppressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of mixtures of Pseudomonas spp. that employ different mechanisms of pathogen suppression to manage this disease.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas chlororaphis · Gaeumannomyces tritici · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Gaeumannomyces tritici · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.