Abstract
Although seed size is one of the most important agronomic traits in plants, the genetic and molecular mechanisms that set the final size of seeds are largely unknown. We previously identified the ubiquitin receptor DA1 as a negative regulator of seed size, and the Arabidopsis thaliana da1-1 mutant produces larger seeds than the wild type. Here, we describe a B3 domain transcriptional repressor NGATHA-like protein (NGAL2), encoded by the suppressor of da1-1 (SOD7), which acts maternally to regulate seed size by restricting cell proliferation in the integuments of ovules and developing seeds. Overexpression of SOD7 significantly decreases seed size of wild-type plants, while the simultaneous disruption of SOD7 and its closest homolog DEVELOPMENT-RELATED PcG TARGET IN THE APEX4 (DPA4/NGAL3) increases seed size. Genetic analyses indicate that SOD7 and DPA4 act in a common pathway with the seed size regulator KLU to regulate seed growth, but do so independently of DA1. Further results show that SOD7 directly binds to the promoter of KLUH (KLU) in vitro and in vivo and represses the expression of KLU. Therefore, our findings reveal the genetic and molecular mechanisms of SOD7, DPA4, and KLU in seed size regulation and suggest that they are promising targets for seed size improvement in crops.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
NGAL2 acts maternally to restrict integument cell proliferation and regulate seed size.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Gene
- SOD7e0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Qualifier
- restricting cell proliferation in the integuments of ovules and developing seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NGAL2), encoded by the suppressor of da1-1 (SOD7), which acts maternally to regulate seed size by restricting cell proliferation in the integuments of ovules and developing seeds.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD7 overexpression significantly decreased seed size.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of SOD7e0
- Gene
- SOD7e0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of SOD7 significantly decreases seed size of wild-type plants”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint disruption of SOD7 and DPA4 increased seed size.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- simultaneous disruption of SOD7 and its closest homolog DEVELOPMENT-RELATED PcG TARGET IN THE APEX4 (DPA4/NGAL3)e0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the simultaneous disruption of SOD7 and its closest homolog DEVELOPMENT-RELATED PcG TARGET IN THE APEX4 (DPA4/NGAL3) increases seed size.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD7 and DPA4 act with KLU and independently of DA1 in seed growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- SOD7 and DPA4e0
- Outcome
- seed growthe0
- Qualifier
- common pathway with the seed size regulator KLUe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD7 and DPA4 act in a common pathway with the seed size regulator KLU to regulate seed growth, but do so independently of DA1.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD7 bound the KLU promoter and repressed KLU expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- SOD7e0
- Outcome
- expression of KLUe0
- Direction
- repressese0
- Qualifier
- directly binds to the promoter of KLUH (KLU) in vitro and in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SOD7 directly binds to the promoter of KLUH (KLU) in vitro and in vivo and represses the expression of KLU.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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