Abstract
Plants employ hormone-mediated signaling pathways to defend against pathogens and insects. We tested predictions about the relative effect of jasmonate and salicylate pathways and how they mediate interactions between pathogens and herbivores. We employed two pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), that are known to elicit distinct components of the two pathways, and we address the consequences of their induction for resistance in wild-type and salicylate-deficient transgenic plants in field experiments. We report that Pst infection induced jasmonic acid and proteinase inhibitors (PIs), and reduced the growth of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars on wild-type and salicylate-deficient plants. Pst and TMV both induced salicylic acid in wild-type but not salicylate-deficient plants. Although TMV did not affect jasmonic acid or PIs, infection increased caterpillar growth on wild-type plants, but not on salicylate-deficient plants. Aphid population growth was higher on salicylate-deficient compared to wild-type plants, and lower on salicylate-induced plants compared to controls. Natural aphid colonization was reduced on TMV-infected wild types, but not on salicylate-deficient plants. In sum, jasmonate-mediated resistance is induced by some pathogens, independent of salicylate, and salicylate-mediated induction by other pathogens results in induced susceptibility to a chewer and resistance to an aphid. We conclude with a predictive model for the expression of defense pathways and their consequences.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pst infection induced jasmonic acid and proteinase inhibitors in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- Pst infectione0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee1pathogen - Outcome
- jasmonic acid and proteinase inhibitors (PIs)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pst infection induced jasmonic acid and proteinase inhibitors (PIs)”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pst infection reduced Spodoptera exigua caterpillar growth on both tomato genotypes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- wild-type and salicylate-deficient plantse0
- Treatment
- Pste1
- Interactor
- Spodoptera exigua
Spodoptera exiguae0herbivore - Second interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of Spodoptera exigua caterpillarse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the growth of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars on wild-type and salicylate-deficient plants”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pst induced salicylic acid in wild-type but not salicylate-deficient tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- Pste0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- salicylic acide0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- salicylate-deficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pst and TMV both induced salicylic acid in wild-type but not salicylate-deficient plants”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst)”
Claim · model-written summary
TMV induced salicylic acid in wild-type but not salicylate-deficient tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- TMVe0
- Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic viruse1pathogen - Outcome
- salicylic acide0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- salicylate-deficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pst and TMV both induced salicylic acid in wild-type but not salicylate-deficient plants”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
TMV did not affect tomato jasmonic acid or proteinase inhibitors.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- TMVe0
- Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid or PIse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TMV did not affect jasmonic acid or PIs”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
TMV infection increased caterpillar growth on wild-type but not salicylate-deficient tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- infectione0
- Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Second interactor
- caterpillare0herbivore
- Outcome
- caterpillar growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- salicylate-deficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infection increased caterpillar growth on wild-type plants, but not on salicylate-deficient plants”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid population growth was higher on salicylate-deficient than wild-type tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- salicylate-deficiente0
- Interactor
- Aphide0pest
- Outcome
- Aphid population growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphid population growth was higher on salicylate-deficient compared to wild-type plants”
e1“pathogens of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid population growth was lower on salicylate-induced tomato than controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- salicylate-inducede0
- Interactor
- Aphide1pest
- Outcome
- Aphid population growthe1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower on salicylate-induced plants compared to controls”
e1“Aphid population growth”
e2“pathogens of tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TMV reduced natural aphid colonization on wild-type but not salicylate-deficient tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- TMV-infectede0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Second interactor
- tobacco mosaic virusTobacco mosaic viruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- Natural aphid colonizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- salicylate-deficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Natural aphid colonization was reduced on TMV-infected wild types, but not on salicylate-deficient plants”
e1“pathogens of tomato, Pseudomonas syringae (Pst) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.